{"id":16345,"date":"2023-12-07T13:22:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T12:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/blog\/je-dobre-vediet\/nanotechnology-future-or-a-threat-an-interview-with-jana-kukutschova\/"},"modified":"2024-01-09T23:36:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T22:36:09","slug":"nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ admin_label=“section“ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row admin_label=“row“ _builder_version=“4.16″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ custom_padding=“|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_video src=“https:\/\/youtu.be\/qnngJMzeIJs“ _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“7b00f49c-0330-4b47-baa3-723e1523068f“ hover_enabled=“0″ global_colors_info=“{}“ sticky_enabled=“0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Predstavenie<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Vol\u00e1m sa prof. Mgr. Jana Kukutschov\u00e1, Ph.D. a som z Materi\u00e1lovotechnologickej fakulty Vysokej \u0161koly Banskej – Technickej univerzity Ostrava. Som garantom \u0161tudijn\u00e9ho programu nanotechnol\u00f3gie. Pokia\u013e ide o moje vzdelanie, v minulosti som \u0161tudovala ch\u00e9miu a biol\u00f3giu a bola som stredo\u0161kolskou u\u010dite\u013ekou. V r\u00e1mci diplomovej pr\u00e1ce som sa za\u010dala zauj\u00edma\u0165 o vplyv r\u00f4znych chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok na \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy. T\u00fato t\u00e9mu som \u010falej rozpracovala vo svojej dizerta\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci a od za\u010diatku \u0161t\u00fadia sa venujem tejto oblasti. Postupne som sa \u0161pecializovala na vplyv r\u00f4znych nanomateri\u00e1lov na \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy, \u010do bola s n\u00e1stupom nanotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed nov\u00e1 t\u00e9ma. Pribli\u017ene 15 rokov sa zaober\u00e1m rizikami nanomateri\u00e1lov a nanotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed vo vz\u0165ahu k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu a \u013eudsk\u00e9mu zdraviu.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00e1s va\u0161a poz\u00edcia? Mysl\u00edm t\u00fdm, \u017ee ak viete, ak\u00fd negat\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, vyh\u00fdbate sa im?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Ak vynech\u00e1me nanomateri\u00e1ly a zameriame sa na be\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, sna\u017e\u00edm sa obmedzi\u0165 napr\u00edklad konzum\u00e1ciu \u00faden\u00edn, o ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee s\u00fa potenci\u00e1lne karcinog\u00e9nne, alebo sa to dokonca u\u017e dok\u00e1zalo. Z diskusi\u00ed s kolegami zo \u0160t\u00e1tneho zdravotn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s\u00fa vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako tzv. uznan\u00e9 alebo vedom\u00e9 rizik\u00e1<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spotrebitelia si uvedomuj\u00fa ich negat\u00edvny vplyv na zdravie. Preto sa sna\u017e\u00edm vyh\u00fdba\u0165 \u00fadenin\u00e1m a alkoholu, preto\u017ee ver\u00edm, \u017ee rados\u0165 zo \u017eivota sa d\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 aj inak ako prostredn\u00edctvom chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

A \u010do nano\u010dastice v kontexte r\u00f4znych l\u00e1tok a ich vplyvu na zdravie? Existuj\u00fa vzh\u013eadom na ich extr\u00e9mne mal\u00e9 rozmery (menej ako 0,00001 cm) nejak\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o ich vplyve na \u010dloveka?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Vplyv nano\u010dast\u00edc na \u010dloveka je ve\u013emi rozsiahla t\u00e9ma. Ke\u010f hovor\u00edme len o zdravotn\u00fdch rizik\u00e1ch nanomateri\u00e1lov a nano\u010dast\u00edc, ukazuje sa, \u017ee toho st\u00e1le ve\u013ea nevieme a st\u00e1le s\u00fa oblasti, kde len o\u010dak\u00e1vame, ak\u00e9 bud\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinky, najm\u00e4 pri dlhodobom vystaven\u00ed. M\u00e1me u\u017e nejak\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie o kr\u00e1tkodobej expoz\u00edcii, ktor\u00e9 sa robia na bunkov\u00fdch l\u00edni\u00e1ch, ale tieto podmienky nie s\u00fa porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s \u013eudsk\u00fdm telom. Tak\u017ee je to sk\u00f4r o opatrnosti<\/strong>, nie o nadmernom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed, preto\u017ee bol jeden p\u00e1n, volali ho „Modr\u00fd mu\u017e“, ktor\u00fd nadmerne pou\u017e\u00edval koloidn\u00e9 striebro. Pou\u017e\u00edval ho, preto\u017ee mal probl\u00e9my s tr\u00e1ven\u00edm a po chv\u00edli pou\u017e\u00edvania zmodral. Preto\u017ee sa u neho vyvinula argyria, ke\u010f sa striebro za\u010dalo uklada\u0165 pod ko\u017eu ako obrann\u00fd mechanizmus tela. Lek\u00e1ri mu odporu\u010dili, aby s t\u00fdm prestal. Neodfarbil sa, len zmenil odtie\u0148 \ud83d\ude42 . Tak\u017ee toto je jeden vidite\u013en\u00fd vplyv, av\u0161ak tie vplyvy na \u00farovni r\u00f4znych fyziologick\u00fdch procesov s\u00fa dok\u00e1zan\u00e9, ale st\u00e1le je oblas\u0165 nanotoxikol\u00f3gie, \u010do je nov\u00e1 veda, ktor\u00e1 vznikla v r\u00e1mci toxikol\u00f3gie s rozvojom nanotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed, pln\u00e1 nezn\u00e1mych. Prezentuje sa, \u017ee pr\u00ednosy s\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9<\/strong>, ale to ide ruka v ruke s mo\u017en\u00fdmi rizikami<\/strong> a st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me presne definovan\u00e9 podmienky bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zaobch\u00e1dzania s nanomateri\u00e1lmi.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Ako dlho pozn\u00e1me nano\u010dastice? Pre\u010do o nich st\u00e1le ve\u013ea nevieme?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Objem nano\u010dast\u00edc bol zn\u00e1my u\u017e v starovekom R\u00edme<\/strong>, kde sa pou\u017e\u00edvali, hoci sa vtedy nenaz\u00fdvali nano\u010dastice. Prid\u00e1vali sa napr\u00edklad do skla, ktor\u00e9 menilo svoju farbu v z\u00e1vislosti od vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky \u017eiarenia. Tak\u017ee \u013eudstvo pozn\u00e1 nano\u010dastice u\u017e pomerne dlho, aj pokia\u013e ide o ich aplik\u00e1cie a vyu\u017eitie.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach sa za\u010dali intenz\u00edvne rozv\u00edja\u0165, najm\u00e4 s rozvojom experiment\u00e1lnych techn\u00edk, ako s\u00fa elektr\u00f3nov\u00e9 mikroskopy, pomocou ktor\u00fdch dok\u00e1\u017eeme tieto objekty lep\u0161ie pop\u00edsa\u0165, vizualizova\u0165 a manipulova\u0165 s nimi pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed cielen\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far. Tak\u017ee povedomie o tom, ako nano\u010dastice vyzeraj\u00fa, sa rozv\u00edjalo predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v posledn\u00fdch 50 rokoch<\/strong>, mo\u017eno e\u0161te menej.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“a4ad65fe-a656-49b2-9754-b76361c9f86c“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

\u201eSt\u00e1le nem\u00e1me presne definovan\u00e9 podmienky a odpor\u00fa\u010dania na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie s nanomateri\u00e1lmi.\u201c<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 cesty, ktor\u00fdmi sa nano\u010dastice dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela, a ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi nano\u010dasticami a ultrajemn\u00fdmi \u010dasticami?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Nano\u010dastice vr\u00e1tane nanoplastov sa m\u00f4\u017eu do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela dosta\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. Nano\u010dastice sa vo v\u0161eobecnosti rozli\u0161uj\u00fa na nanometrick\u00e9 \u010dastice, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 ako ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty antropog\u00e9nnych \u010dinnost\u00ed, ako je doprava alebo priemysel. Tie sa odli\u0161uj\u00fa od takzvan\u00fdch ultrajemn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa z\u00e1merne nevyr\u00e1baj\u00fa. Nano\u010dastice s\u00fa podstatne men\u0161ie ako be\u017en\u00e9 \u010dastice sledovan\u00e9 z h\u013eadiska kvality ovzdu\u0161ia, ako s\u00fa PM 10 a PM 2,5. Na rozdiel od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch mikrometrick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 sedimentuj\u00fa vplyvom gravit\u00e1cie, nano\u010dastice a ultrajemn\u00e9 \u010dastice zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa vo vzduchu dlh\u0161ie, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165 inhala\u010dnej expoz\u00edcie. Vdychovanie je preto najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou cestou, ktorou sa nano\u010dastice dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do organizmu<\/strong>. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi sp\u00f4sobmi s\u00fa prehltnutie (napr. prostredn\u00edctvom potrav\u00edn obsahuj\u00facich nano\u010dastice, ako s\u00fa pigmenty) a intraven\u00f3zne podanie, ktor\u00e9 je cielenej\u0161ie, napr. pri farmaceutick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Prienik cez ko\u017eu sa pova\u017euje za najmenej pravdepodobn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob vstupu nano\u010dast\u00edc do tela.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nanocastice-vlas-lupa-sk.png“ title_text=“Nanocastice-vlas-lupa-sk“ admin_label=“Image“ _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“32fecfd5-025d-42fc-9828-d86bb0da2821″ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Ak\u00fd vplyv m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 nanoplasty a in\u00e9 nano\u010dastice, ktor\u00e9 sa hromadia v tkaniv\u00e1ch zvierat, a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa na\u0161e s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 poznatky o ich spr\u00e1van\u00ed a vplyve na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:\u00a0<\/strong>V posledn\u00fdch rokoch za\u010dali r\u00f4zne \u0161t\u00fadie dokazova\u0165, \u017ee nanoplasty sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia rozkladom mikroplastov<\/strong>. Zd\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me \u00fapln\u00e9 a presn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o tom, ako sa tieto typy \u010dast\u00edc spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edva v detekcii t\u00fdchto \u010dast\u00edc a ich charakteriz\u00e1cii v r\u00f4znych vzork\u00e1ch \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, \u010di u\u017e ide o vodu alebo p\u00f4du. Ned\u00e1vno boli tieto typy \u010dast\u00edc, najm\u00e4 mikroplasty, zisten\u00e9 napr\u00edklad v placent\u00e1ch, \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sme im pravdepodobne v\u0161etci vystaven\u00ed r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. Dlhodobo sa zaober\u00e1me anal\u00fdzou biologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, konkr\u00e9tne z h\u013eadiska detekcie mikro- a nanometrick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. Analyzovali sme napr\u00edklad vzorky plodovej vody, v ktor\u00fdch sme na\u0161li r\u00f4zne \u010dastice r\u00f4zneho zlo\u017eenia, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tieto \u010dastice prenikli cez placent\u00e1rnu bari\u00e9ru<\/strong>. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee podobne ako v pr\u00edpade v\u00edrusov, ani v pr\u00edpade nanometrick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc nie je placent\u00e1rna bari\u00e9ra \u00faplne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. (Pozn\u00e1mka autora: odkaz na \u0161t\u00fadiu s n\u00e1zvom Mikroplasty a pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky u pacientok s pred\u010dasn\u00fdm p\u00f4rodom: prv\u00fd d\u00f4kaz ich pr\u00edtomnosti v \u013eudskej plodovej vode a placente n\u00e1jdete TU<\/a>.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ob\u00e1vam sa, \u017ee st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me kompletn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o mo\u017enom vplyve nanoplastov. Po\u010das posledn\u00fdch desiatich rokov na\u0161ej spolupr\u00e1ce s lek\u00e1rmi z r\u00f4znych klin\u00edk, napr\u00edklad z kliniky otorinolaryngol\u00f3gie alebo patol\u00f3gie, sme zistili, \u017ee st\u00e1le existuje ve\u013ea takzvan\u00fdch idiopatick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za ochorenia bez zjavnej pr\u00ed\u010diny. Organizmus v\u0161ak na nie\u010do reaguje, pokia\u013e to samozrejme nie je psychosomatick\u00e9. Postupom \u010dasu sme zistili, \u017ee v\u017edy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na limitoch met\u00f3d, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame<\/strong>, a to plat\u00ed aj pre nanoplasty. Ot\u00e1zkou je, ak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 nanoplasty na jednotlivcov. Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161la v j\u00fani tohto roku, uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee pri kr\u00e1jan\u00ed potrav\u00edn na plastovej kr\u00e1jacej doske sa m\u00f4\u017eu uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 \u010dastice na b\u00e1ze plastov, \u010di u\u017e mikro alebo nano. T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia bola publikovan\u00e1 v renomovanom \u010dasopise zameranom na environment\u00e1lne vedy. Existuj\u00fa teda sp\u00f4soby, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme ovplyvni\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 vystavenia mikroplastom a nanoplastom, ale konzum\u00e1cia vody je in\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Ve\u013emi ste sa zauj\u00edmali o nano\u010dastice uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00e9 z pneumat\u00edk a brzdov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek. Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu nano\u010dast\u00edc uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00fdch z pneumat\u00edk a brzdov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek pri brzden\u00ed auta?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Pokia\u013e ide o \u010dastice uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00e9 odieran\u00edm z b\u0155zd alebo pneumat\u00edk automobilov, touto problematikou sa zaober\u00e1me u\u017e pribli\u017ene 15 a\u017e 17 rokov, pri\u010dom sa zameriavame na \u010dastice vznikaj\u00face pri odieran\u00ed b\u0155zd. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee emisie z tzv. nespa\u013eovac\u00edch procesov v doprave, ktor\u00e9 sa pri \u0161t\u00e1tnej kontrole vozidiel nemeraj\u00fa, s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojom zne\u010distenia. Hoci sa elektromobily ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako „bezemisn\u00e9“, nie je to celkom pravda<\/strong>, ak maj\u00fa trecie brzdy a pneumatiky, \u010do maj\u00fa v\u0161etky. Pribli\u017ene pred 13 rokmi sme ako prv\u00ed podrobne op\u00edsali nanometrick\u00e9 \u010dastice uvo\u013enen\u00e9 po\u010das testovania. Testovali sme skuto\u010dn\u00fd hardv\u00e9r, t. j. brzdov\u00e9 do\u0161ti\u010dky a kot\u00fa\u010de na vozidle strednej triedy, a zistili sme, \u017ee sa objavuj\u00fa \u010dastice s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou od 5 do 25 nanometrov, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na b\u00e1ze sadz\u00ed a r\u00f4znych kovov\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn. Cie\u013eom v\u00fdskumu bolo op\u00edsa\u0165, \u010do vznik\u00e1, ako to m\u00f4\u017eeme vzorkova\u0165 a charakterizova\u0165. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom je vyvin\u00fa\u0165 tak\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie brzdov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek, ktor\u00e9 by malo ni\u017e\u0161iu mieru emisi\u00ed t\u00fdchto nanometrov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, ako aj mikro\u010dast\u00edc. Pri ka\u017edom stla\u010den\u00ed brzdov\u00e9ho ped\u00e1la vznikaj\u00fa abraz\u00edvne \u010dastice a cie\u013eom je, aby tieto \u010dastice nemali ve\u013ekos\u0165 pod 100 nanometrov, ale aby boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a usadzovali sa na povrchu vozovky, a nie vo vzduchu.<\/p>\n

V priebehu rokov sme zistili, \u017ee pri ka\u017edom zo\u0161liapnut\u00ed brzdov\u00e9ho ped\u00e1la vznikaj\u00fa \u010diasto\u010dky oderu, a to bu\u010f z brzdovej platni\u010dky, alebo z brzdov\u00e9ho kot\u00fa\u010da. Na charakter emisi\u00ed a na to, \u010do sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje, m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd vplyv \u0161t\u00fdl jazdy<\/strong> vodi\u010da, nielen materi\u00e1ly pou\u017eit\u00e9 vo vozidle. Existuj\u00fa dva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 scen\u00e1re: bu\u010f brzd\u00edte prudko<\/strong> a uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010dastice, alebo brzd\u00edte pomaly<\/strong> a kot\u00fa\u010d sa neochlad\u00ed, \u010do zvy\u0161uje teplotu a vedie k produkcii ve\u013emi mal\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc na b\u00e1ze sadz\u00ed. Tieto v\u00fdsledky sme poskytli r\u00f4znym in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa zaoberaj\u00fa regul\u00e1ciou emisi\u00ed z automobilov, ke\u010f\u017ee emisie sa neobmedzuj\u00fa len na v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny, ale zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa aj emisie z nespa\u013eovac\u00edch procesov.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Nano\u010dastice sa be\u017ene uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa plasty, kovy a tkaniny. Existuje nejak\u00fd materi\u00e1l, z ktor\u00e9ho sa nano\u010dastice neuvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa, alebo zatia\u013e o \u017eiadnom nevieme?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Je to zlo\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. \u010castice sa m\u00f4\u017eu uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165, ale nemus\u00edme ich by\u0165 schopn\u00ed zachyti\u0165 met\u00f3dami, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame<\/strong>. \u010casto je to ovplyvnen\u00e9 t\u00fdmito met\u00f3dami, preto\u017ee niekto sa m\u00f4\u017ee pozrie\u0165 na kom\u00edn a ni\u010d nevidie\u0165 a poveda\u0165, \u017ee sa ni\u010d neuvo\u013e\u0148uje. Nanometrick\u00e9 \u010dastice v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa vidite\u013en\u00e9 vo\u013en\u00fdm okom, a preto by sme na ich pozorovanie mali pou\u017ei\u0165 in\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. To plat\u00ed aj pre \u0161t\u00fadium a anal\u00fdzu r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov pomocou r\u00f4znych met\u00f3d. Je nevyhnutn\u00e9 upravi\u0165 citlivos\u0165 t\u00fdchto met\u00f3d<\/strong> tak, aby boli schopn\u00e9 odhali\u0165 ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 \u010dastice. Je to diskutabiln\u00e9, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee materi\u00e1ly odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oderu neuvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa tak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u010dast\u00edc. Domnievam sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u00faplne nulov\u00e1 miera uvo\u013e\u0148ovania je ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00e1. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed to od podmienok, v ktor\u00fdch je materi\u00e1l vystaven\u00fd opotrebovaniu, preto\u017ee tu hovor\u00edme o opotrebovan\u00ed. Ak je materi\u00e1l len zavesen\u00fd v priestore a v kontakte s pr\u00faden\u00edm vzduchu, je to in\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia, ako ke\u010f sa k\u013abov\u00fd implant\u00e1t pri ka\u017edom kroku neust\u00e1le trie o in\u00fa pevn\u00fa \u010das\u0165. T\u00fdm sa problematika zna\u010dne komplikuje.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadie zameran\u00e9 na nano\u010dastice (nanomateri\u00e1ly) oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho a oxidu zino\u010dnat\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa be\u017ene dostupn\u00e9 v opa\u013eovac\u00edch pr\u00edpravkoch, nab\u00e1daj\u00fa k opatrnosti, preto\u017ee st\u00e1le nie je k dispoz\u00edcii dostatok \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Ak nejde o nano\u010dastice uveden\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 poveda\u0165 nie\u010do ako „\u010d\u00edm men\u0161ie \u010dastice, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m“?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Je pravda, \u017ee men\u0161ie \u010dastice m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale z\u00e1vis\u00ed to od ich zlo\u017eenia a sp\u00f4sobu pou\u017eitia. Napr\u00edklad vo farmakol\u00f3gii sa prejavuje tendencia odklonu od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch liekov k nanoform\u00e1m<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka sa prevedie do nanoformy, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vstreb\u00e1vania alebo spr\u00e1vanie sa lie\u010diva v organizme \u017eiaducim sp\u00f4sobom. V tomto pr\u00edpade nemusia by\u0165 men\u0161ie \u010dastice v\u017edy problematick\u00e9. V pr\u00edpade opa\u013eovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mov<\/strong> v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa men\u0161ie \u010dastice dostan\u00fa do tela, vy\u0161\u0161ia. Napriek tomu by som sa aplik\u00e1ciou na poko\u017eku pr\u00edli\u0161 nezaoberala. Samozrejme, je rozdiel medzi nanesen\u00edm opa\u013eovacieho kr\u00e9mu na chrb\u00e1t dospel\u00e9ho \u010dloveka a na tv\u00e1r mal\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a, kde sa l\u00ed\u0161i aj hr\u00fabka jednotliv\u00fdch vrstiev poko\u017eky. Ku ka\u017ed\u00e9mu pr\u00edpadu a aplik\u00e1cii by sa malo pristupova\u0165 individu\u00e1lne<\/strong> a sk\u00f4r by sa malo diskutova\u0165 o konkr\u00e9tnych materi\u00e1loch a ich pou\u017eit\u00ed, ne\u017e zov\u0161eobec\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o vplyv na vodn\u00e9 organizmy, v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade ide pravdepodobne o sladkovodn\u00e9 organizmy. Oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd je nerozpustn\u00fd<\/strong>, tak\u017ee jeho \u00fa\u010dinok bude sk\u00f4r nepriamy, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom UV \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee produkova\u0165 reakt\u00edvne kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu inhibova\u0165 fyziologick\u00e9 funkcie niektor\u00fdch organizmov alebo v najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade ma\u0165 smrte\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky (pozn\u00e1mka autora: smrte\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky s\u00fa tak\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k smrti alebo s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 smr\u0165). V pr\u00edpade oxidu zino\u010dnat\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd je rozpustn\u00fd, sa m\u00f4\u017eu uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 zino\u010dnat\u00e9 i\u00f3ny. Zinok je nevyhnutn\u00fd a relat\u00edvne ne\u0161kodn\u00fd pre suchozemsk\u00e9 organizmy a \u013eud\u00ed, ale pre vodn\u00e9 organizmy je toxick\u00fd<\/strong>. K probl\u00e9mu preto nem\u00f4\u017eeme pristupova\u0165 len z antropocentrick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska, preto\u017ee aj my ako \u013eudia sme s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/strong> a potravinov\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. Ned\u00e1vno som \u010d\u00edtala \u0161t\u00fadiu, ktor\u00e1 sa zaoberala najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm organizmom pre ekosyst\u00e9m, a uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee s\u00fa to v\u010dely<\/strong> ako ope\u013eova\u010de. Preto nem\u00f4\u017eeme myslie\u0165 len na seba.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Bola som nepr\u00edjemne prekvapen\u00e1, ke\u010f som sa dozvedela, \u017ee nano\u010dastice sa aplikuj\u00fa do \u0161k\u00f4lok, \u0161k\u00f4l a podobne, aby „zab\u00edjali“ v\u00edrusy a bakt\u00e9rie. Tam, kde deti denne prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do kontaktu s hra\u010dkami a pom\u00f4ckami. Ako rodi\u010d by som o tom chcela by\u0165 prinajmen\u0161om informovan\u00e1 a nes\u00fahlasila by som s takouto aplik\u00e1ciou. \u010co sa vlastne aplikuje, kde a ako? Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rizik\u00e1?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Pri aplik\u00e1cii injekci\u00ed nano\u010dast\u00edc sa pou\u017eil oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong> vo forme anatasu, pri\u010dom je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi r\u00f4znymi formami, ako je anatas, rutil alebo brookit, preto\u017ee to m\u00e1 vplyv na \u00fa\u010dinky. Pod\u013ea spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 vykonala aplik\u00e1ciu, mali tieto nano\u010dastice ve\u013ekos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 5 a\u017e 7 nanometrov, \u010do s\u00fa ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 \u010dastice. Cie\u013eom bolo dosiahnu\u0165 nov\u00fa defin\u00edciu hygienickej \u010distoty a bojova\u0165 proti detskej chorobnosti, najm\u00e4 v obdob\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. Obr\u00e1tili sme sa na Magistr\u00e1t mesta Ostravy s t\u00fdm, \u017ee si nevie poradi\u0165 s narastaj\u00facim po\u010dtom tak\u00fdchto pon\u00fak, ktor\u00e9 pri\u0161li po alebo po\u010das obdobia COVID. Argumentovali t\u00fdm, \u017ee neaplikovan\u00edm t\u00fdchto injekci\u00ed nerie\u0161ime zdravie det\u00ed. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed o tom rozhodovali, v\u0161ak nemali dostatok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o spr\u00e1van\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1lov a boli presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee to bude pre deti najlep\u0161ie<\/strong>. N\u00e1sledne sa spreje aplikovali na stoly, hra\u010dky a in\u00e9 predmety v \u0161k\u00f4lkach v presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee sa t\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017ei chorobnos\u0165. T\u00e1to prax sa roz\u0161\u00edrila do pribli\u017ene tridsiatich matersk\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l v Moravskosliezskom kraji, konkr\u00e9tne v Ostrave.<\/p>\n

P\u00fdtali sme sa, kto a na z\u00e1klade \u010doho to schv\u00e1lil. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed to schv\u00e1lili, neboli schopn\u00ed svoje rozhodnutie podlo\u017ei\u0165 argumentmi. Naliehavo sme \u017eiadali, aby sa tieto aplik\u00e1cie nedostali do prostredia det\u00ed, preto\u017ee sme nevedeli, ak\u00fd to bude ma\u0165 vplyv. Oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd je ve\u013emi stabiln\u00fd a nerozklad\u00e1 sa, tak\u017ee sa d\u00e1 predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee ak sa dostane do organizmu, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong>. Boli sme vyzvan\u00ed, aby sme dok\u00e1zali negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky, \u010do bolo \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9. Na\u0161ou snahou bolo zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m v prostred\u00ed s de\u0165mi, \u010do sa nakoniec podarilo a aplik\u00e1cie boli vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 zo strat\u00e9gi\u00ed mesta. Bolo zaslan\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010danie nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 postreky v prostred\u00ed s de\u0165mi. Rozdiel je v tom, \u010di sa aplikuje v domove d\u00f4chodcov alebo v \u0161k\u00f4lke, preto\u017ee perspekt\u00edva \u010fal\u0161ieho \u017eivota die\u0165a\u0165a s nano\u010dasticami v tele je ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ia ako u klienta domova d\u00f4chodcov. Boli sme tie\u017e vyzvan\u00ed, aby sme dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 vplyv na vznik rakoviny, \u010do je extr\u00e9mny pr\u00edpad. O tak\u00fdchto extr\u00e9mnych pr\u00edpadoch nemus\u00edme diskutova\u0165, ale m\u00f4\u017eeme diskutova\u0165 o mo\u017enom vplyve na vznik alergick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed, o ktor\u00fdch tie\u017e ni\u010d nevieme. A kto to potom dok\u00e1\u017ee, ke\u010f sa tak\u00e1to reakcia objav\u00ed u die\u0165a\u0165a na z\u00e1kladnej alebo strednej \u0161kole po rokoch ukladania nano\u010dast\u00edc v tele a zrazu ju nie\u010do spust\u00ed?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

D\u00f4vody pre tieto postreky sa zv\u00fd\u0161ili najm\u00e4 po\u010das pand\u00e9mie COVID. Ak\u00fd je v\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1zor na to?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Pou\u017eitie nanotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed v boji proti COVID-19 m\u00e1 svoje opodstatnenie, ako sme to videli v pr\u00edpade z\u00e1vesov z nanovl\u00e1kien alebo vakc\u00edn obsahuj\u00facich lipidov\u00e9 nano\u010dastice. Tieto aplik\u00e1cie maj\u00fa zmysel<\/strong>. Pou\u017eitie sprejov s nano\u010dasticami oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho na stoly a hygienick\u00e9 zariadenia ako prevencia respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed sa v\u0161ak zd\u00e1 by\u0165 menej logick\u00e9. Respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia sa zvy\u010dajne pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa kvap\u00f4\u010dkovou cestou, t. j. vdychovan\u00edm vzduchu, nie kontaktom s kontaminovan\u00fdmi povrchmi. V \u0161t\u00fadii uverejnenej v \u010dasopise Nature sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 n\u00e1kazy pri kontakte s kontaminovan\u00fdm povrchom je len pribli\u017ene p\u00e4\u0165 percent<\/strong>. Naproti tomu vd\u00fdchnutie infek\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, \u010di u\u017e v\u00edrusov alebo bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, je ove\u013ea pravdepodobnej\u0161ie. Z tohto poh\u013eadu sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee ch\u00fdba racion\u00e1lne zd\u00f4vodnenie pou\u017e\u00edvania t\u00fdchto sprejov na boj proti respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoreniam a motiv\u00e1cia ich pou\u017e\u00edvania m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 in\u00e1 ako rie\u0161enie respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“a4ad65fe-a656-49b2-9754-b76361c9f86c“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

\u201eSamozrejme, existuj\u00fa aplik\u00e1cie nanomateri\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ve\u013emi prospe\u0161n\u00e9, napr\u00edklad v oblasti farm\u00e1cie. Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pristupova\u0165 k v\u00fdvoju a pou\u017e\u00edvaniu nanomateri\u00e1lov opatrne a uv\u00e1\u017eene, a nie necha\u0165 trh, aby t\u00fato oblas\u0165 \u00faplne riadil.\u201c<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Do\u010d\u00edtala som sa, \u017ee r\u00fa\u0161ka a respir\u00e1tory uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa mikro\u010dastice a nano\u010dastice (nanotext\u00edlie) pri nosen\u00ed a pri degrad\u00e1cii v prostred\u00ed [3]<\/a>. Vzh\u013eadom na mno\u017estvo t\u00fdchto jednorazov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v moriach a riekach, sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nanomateri\u00e1lov. Ako tieto \u010dastice ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9m?\u00a0<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie nano\u010dast\u00edc z masiek na tv\u00e1r je pravdepodobne sk\u00f4r z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou fragmentov nanovl\u00e1kien ako samotn\u00fdch nano\u010dast\u00edc, pokia\u013e nejde o nanovl\u00e1kna s nano\u010dasticami nanesen\u00fdmi na povrchu. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma typmi. Na rozdiel od nano\u010dast\u00edc oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho, o ktor\u00fdch sme hovorili sk\u00f4r, materi\u00e1ly pou\u017eit\u00e9 vo fas\u00e1dnych mask\u00e1ch s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne organick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu a s\u00fa rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u010dasom rozlo\u017ei\u0165, na rozdiel od zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn kovov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nerozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9. V pr\u00edpade tv\u00e1rov\u00fdch masiek, respir\u00e1torov a nanovl\u00e1kien ide teda o in\u00fd scen\u00e1r v porovnan\u00ed s nano\u010dasticami oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho, najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li ich chemick\u00e9mu zlo\u017eeniu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 sa vyrobilo obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo jednorazov\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov. Na\u0161a fakulta sa zaober\u00e1 met\u00f3dami recykl\u00e1cie niektor\u00fdch z t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa ochrann\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty a in\u00e9 predmety, a ich op\u00e4tovn\u00fdm uveden\u00edm do obehu s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo jednorazov\u00e9ho odpadu. Cie\u013eom je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich spa\u013eovaniu alebo vyhadzovaniu na skl\u00e1dky.<\/strong> Hoci je probl\u00e9m odpadu na jedno pou\u017eitie zrejm\u00fd, nepredpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee by sa z t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov uvo\u013e\u0148ovali ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 nano\u010dast\u00edc. M\u00f4\u017eu sa uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 fragmenty nanovl\u00e1kien, ktor\u00e9 by sa v\u0161ak mali \u010dasom rozlo\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Je teda potrebn\u00e9 sa ob\u00e1va\u0165, je v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9 nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ovplyvni\u0165 vznikaj\u00face nano\u010dastice? Niektor\u00e9 nano\u010dastice s\u00fa dokonca prospe\u0161n\u00e9, v\u0161ak?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong>\u00a0Obavy z nano\u010dast\u00edc s\u00fa opodstatnen\u00e9<\/strong> a t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma by mohla by\u0165 t\u00e9mou na cel\u00fd semester predn\u00e1\u0161ok. Ke\u010f sa pozrieme na r\u00f4zne scen\u00e1re a procesy, pri ktor\u00fdch sa nano\u010dastice uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a my sme im vystaven\u00ed, zist\u00edme, \u017ee existuj\u00fa nano\u010dastice alebo ultrajemn\u00e9 \u010dastice, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia od nepam\u00e4ti. Pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa sadze, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiaroch, sope\u010dnej \u010dinnosti alebo pri akomko\u013evek spa\u013eovacom procese. N\u00e1\u0161 organizmus je na boj s nimi nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pripraven\u00fd a m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 mechanizmy<\/strong>. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak aj nano\u010dastice, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u00faplne nov\u00e9 a vznikaj\u00fa v s\u00favislosti s v\u00fdvojom nov\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn pre r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie. Napr\u00edklad nano\u010dastice na b\u00e1ze striebra neboli v\u017edy s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Ak by sme napr\u00edklad za\u010dali masovo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pono\u017eky a text\u00edlie s nanostriebrom, ktor\u00e9 sa postupne uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa do odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, mohlo by to vyvola\u0165 potrebu nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na \u010distenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d<\/strong>, preto\u017ee be\u017en\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky by si s t\u00fdm nemuseli vedie\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinne poradi\u0165. Toto je jeden z mnoh\u00fdch aspektov, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, existuj\u00fa aplik\u00e1cie nanomateri\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ve\u013emi prospe\u0161n\u00e9, napr\u00edklad v oblasti farm\u00e1cie<\/strong>. Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pristupova\u0165 k v\u00fdvoju a pou\u017e\u00edvaniu nanomateri\u00e1lov opatrne a uv\u00e1\u017eene, a nie necha\u0165 t\u00fato oblas\u0165 \u00faplne riadi\u0165 trhom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edkladom je pou\u017e\u00edvanie automobilov. Hoci s\u00fa autonehody \u010dast\u00e9, \u013eudia st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aut\u00e1, ale s vedom\u00edm pravidiel a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, ako je pou\u017e\u00edvanie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch p\u00e1sov a dodr\u017eiavanie dopravn\u00fdch predpisov. V pr\u00edpade nanomateri\u00e1lov v\u0161ak ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa jasne definovan\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 a odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/strong> pre ich bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie.<\/p>\n

V tejto oblasti je preto potrebn\u00fd z\u00e1sah vl\u00e1dnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva alebo ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 ministerstv\u00e1, aby stanovili jasn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 a odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie nanomateri\u00e1lov<\/strong>. T\u00e1to regul\u00e1cia je potrebn\u00e1 na minimaliz\u00e1ciu riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm nanotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Kde v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu nano\u010dastice pom\u00f4c\u0165? Ve\u013ea som \u010d\u00edtala, \u017ee vo farm\u00e1cii a zdravotn\u00edctve v\u0161eobecne, ako to vid\u00edte vy?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Kde m\u00f4\u017eu nano\u010dastice pom\u00f4c\u0165? Ur\u010dite v oblasti zdravotn\u00edctva. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak aj tzv. environment\u00e1lne nanotechnol\u00f3gie, v ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne nanokatalyz\u00e1tory a nanosorbenty na \u010distenie vzduchu, vody a vykon\u00e1vanie r\u00f4znych dekontamin\u00e1ci\u00ed. Tieto aplik\u00e1cie maj\u00fa ur\u010dite zmysel. Existuje v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k nekontrolovan\u00e9mu uvo\u013e\u0148ovaniu t\u00fdchto nano\u010dast\u00edc do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Op\u00e4\u0165 sa teda dost\u00e1vame k ot\u00e1zke, za ak\u00fdch podmienok je manipul\u00e1cia s nimi bezpe\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Je nie\u010do, \u010do by ste chceli poveda\u0165 na z\u00e1ver?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Jana:<\/strong> Na z\u00e1ver by som mo\u017eno chcela motivova\u0165, aby sme nano\u010dastice a nanomateri\u00e1ly neposudzovali len z jedn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. T\u00e1to minca m\u00e1 dve strany. Raz sme hovorili o rizik\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky a nevyzeraj\u00fa ve\u013emi s\u013eubne. Existuje v\u0161ak aj druh\u00e1 strana tejto mince, a to s\u00fa v\u00fdhody. Po\u010das pand\u00e9mie COVID sme dok\u00e1zali situ\u00e1ciu rie\u0161i\u0165 pomocou nanomateri\u00e1lov, \u010do ukazuje, \u017ee ak sa s nimi zaobch\u00e1dza obozretne, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pozit\u00edvny vplyv. Nanomateri\u00e1ly m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudstvu skuto\u010dne pom\u00f4c\u0165, ale nesmieme ich pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 neuv\u00e1\u017eene<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 nie na de\u0165och, preto\u017ee by n\u00e1s mohli nepr\u00edjemne prekvapi\u0165 ich \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

\u010eakujem \ud83d\ude42<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“b69f9b3d-c69a-4c5f-a3b8-4a8a74c4c1a0″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Zdroje<\/h3>\n

[1] https:\/\/www.avcr.cz\/cs\/o-nas\/aktuality\/Nanoplasty-jsou-neviditelnou-hrozbou-varuje-environmentalni-chemik<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/CS\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223&from=ES<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] https:\/\/www.bozpinfo.cz\/josra\/mikroplasty-nanoplasty-v-zivotnim-prostredi<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[163],"yoast_head":"\nNanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GreenGate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"562\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. \u017daneta Milo\u0161ov\u00e1 (Hav\u00edrov\u00e1)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GreenGate\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/cc65f62f404f1cfdf713e76d8b70cbea\"},\"headline\":\"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\"},\"wordCount\":5277,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"ROZHOVORY A VIDE\u00c1 S ODBORN\u00cdKMI\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\",\"name\":\"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":562},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/\",\"name\":\"GreenGate\",\"description\":\"Learn how to create healthier beauty routines and debunk common myths.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization\",\"name\":\"GreenGate\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/brand.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/brand.png\",\"width\":263,\"height\":108,\"caption\":\"GreenGate\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/cc65f62f404f1cfdf713e76d8b70cbea\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/077c05906ce7b8a014776f7cd6ade944\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/default-avatar.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/default-avatar.png\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"description\":\"Share a little biographical information to fill out your profile. This may be shown publicly.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate","description":"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate","og_description":"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?","og_url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/","og_site_name":"GreenGate","article_published_time":"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":562,"url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Ing. \u017daneta Milo\u0161ov\u00e1 (Hav\u00edrov\u00e1)","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"GreenGate","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"15 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/cc65f62f404f1cfdf713e76d8b70cbea"},"headline":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou","datePublished":"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/"},"wordCount":5277,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","articleSection":["ROZHOVORY A VIDE\u00c1 S ODBORN\u00cdKMI"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/","name":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou - GreenGate","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","datePublished":"2023-12-07T12:22:43+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T22:36:09+00:00","description":"S\u00fa tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee unikaj\u00fa na\u0161ej pozornosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a na \u010do je dobr\u00e9 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","width":1000,"height":562},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/rozhovory-a-videa-s-odbornikmi\/nanotechnologia-buducnost-alebo-hrozba-rozhovor-s-janou-kukutschovou\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nanotechnol\u00f3gia \u2013 bud\u00facnos\u0165 alebo hrozba? \u2013 Rozhovor s Janou Kukutschovou"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/","name":"GreenGate","description":"Learn how to create healthier beauty routines and debunk common myths.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#organization","name":"GreenGate","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/brand.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/brand.png","width":263,"height":108,"caption":"GreenGate"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/cc65f62f404f1cfdf713e76d8b70cbea","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/077c05906ce7b8a014776f7cd6ade944","url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/default-avatar.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/default-avatar.png","caption":"admin"},"description":"Share a little biographical information to fill out your profile. This may be shown publicly.","sameAs":["https:\/\/green-gate.eu"],"url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Jana-Kukutschova-1.png","authors":[{"term_id":163,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"ing-zaneta-milosova-havirova","display_name":"Ing. \u017daneta Milo\u0161ov\u00e1 (Hav\u00edrov\u00e1)","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Zaneta_medailonek-scaled.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Zaneta_medailonek-scaled.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":"Vedie spolo\u010dnos\u0165 GreenScan, ktor\u00e1 presadzuje slobodu v\u00fdberu a pr\u00e1vo na inform\u00e1cie pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho spotrebite\u013ea. Vy\u0161tudovala V\u0160B-TUO, odbor Environment\u00e1lne vedy. V\u017edy sa sna\u017eila hlada\u0165 rovnov\u00e1hu medzi pr\u00edrodou a modern\u00fdm svetom. Venuje sa populariz\u00e1cii vedy, osvete a vzdel\u00e1vaniu o \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach okolo n\u00e1s. Organizuje semin\u00e1re, webin\u00e1re, workshopy a poradenstvo pre jednotlivcov, firmy a organiz\u00e1cie."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16345"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17310,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16345\/revisions\/17310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16345"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=16345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}