[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.21.0″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.21.0″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ custom_padding=“|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_video _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“7b00f49c-0330-4b47-baa3-723e1523068f“ src=“https:\/\/youtu.be\/PCYg3z3zLzw“ hover_enabled=“0″ sticky_enabled=“0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n
Predstavenie<\/p>\n
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Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Som Nata\u0161a Uranjek, B.Sc., ved\u00faca oddelenia technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a kontroly v spolo\u010dnosti Public Utility Velenje, LLC a pracujem v oblasti pitnej vody a odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d vr\u00e1tane syst\u00e9mov dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho vykurovania. Vo vo\u013enom \u010dase rada chod\u00edm po lesoch okolit\u00fdch kopcov, jazd\u00edm na bicykli a rada tr\u00e1vim \u010das pri mori. Som tie\u017e \u010dlenom predstavenstva Slovinsk\u00e9ho zdru\u017eenia na ochranu vody, zdru\u017eenia s viac ako 30-ro\u010dnou trad\u00edciou.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Pre\u010do ste sa rozhodli \u0161tudova\u0165 chemick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo a pracova\u0165 v oblasti \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Pre \u0161t\u00fadium chemick\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva som sa rozhodla, preto\u017ee ma v mladosti l\u00e1kala ch\u00e9mia, medic\u00edna a tie\u017e farm\u00e1cia, ale zdalo sa mi, \u017ee v\u0161etky tieto veci sa v ch\u00e9mii nejako sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa. Okrem toho som sk\u00f4r „praktick\u00fd a zvedav\u00fd typ \u010dloveka“, a preto ma in\u017einierstvo l\u00e1ka viac, preto\u017ee si vy\u017eaduje kombin\u00e1ciu teoretick\u00fdch vedomost\u00ed a praktick\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n \u010co zah\u0155\u0148a va\u0161a pr\u00e1ca, ak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my rie\u0161ite?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Moja pr\u00e1ca v posledn\u00fdch rokoch spo\u010d\u00edva najm\u00e4 v doh\u013eade nad prev\u00e1dzkou a v\u00fdkonom \u010distenia a distrib\u00facie pitnej a odpadovej vody, v \u0161t\u00fadiu nov\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch postupov a ich zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed v spolo\u010dnosti a v poradenstve in\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa probl\u00e9my so zabezpe\u010den\u00edm riadneho fungovania svojich komun\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb.<\/p>\n Podie\u013eam sa aj na projektovan\u00ed a doh\u013eade nad nov\u00fdmi \u010distiar\u0148ami odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, ako aj vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdmi zariadeniami a syst\u00e9mami. V minulosti som bola aj ved\u00facou technologick\u00e9ho laborat\u00f3ria na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 monitoruje v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 na\u0161ich zariaden\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ak\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie a najbe\u017enej\u0161ie v komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch v modernom svete?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a: <\/strong>V\u0161etko, \u010do \u013eudia vylievaj\u00fa do um\u00fdvadiel a splachuj\u00fa do z\u00e1chodov\u00fdch m\u00eds, sa nach\u00e1dza v komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. V\u00fdkaly, potraviny a zvy\u0161ky jed\u00e1l, \u010distiace prostriedky, kozmetika, dokonca aj chemik\u00e1lie (rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1, farby, pestic\u00eddy, lieky. . . . ), ktor\u00e9 \u013eudia vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa do kanaliz\u00e1cie. Odpadov\u00e1 voda je „superkoktail“ v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok a okrem z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa splachuj\u00fa do kanaliz\u00e1cie, vznikaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch reakci\u00ed nov\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny. Niektor\u00e9 z nich sa rozkladaj\u00fa na jednoduch\u0161ie zlo\u017eky a niektor\u00e9 sa spotrebuj\u00fa ako potrava pre bakt\u00e9rie u\u017e na ceste do \u010disti\u010dky. Trvalej\u0161ie zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa dostan\u00fa a\u017e do \u010disti\u010dky, kde sa ich \u010distiace procesy sna\u017eia odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u010do najviac pred vypusten\u00edm odpadovej vody do vodn\u00e9ho toku.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n V \u010distiar\u0148ach odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d sa denne analyzuj\u00fa pr\u00edtoky a odtoky, ak\u00e9 parametre sa sleduj\u00fa?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> V na\u0161ej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej \u010distiarni (50 000 ekvivalentn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov (skr\u00e1tene PE)) m\u00e1me on-line mera\u010de a analyz\u00e1tory r\u00f4znych parametrov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pre kontrolu procesu \u010distenia. Na vstupe teda meriame elektrick\u00fa vodivos\u0165, pH, amoniak\u00e1lny dus\u00edk a ortofosf\u00e1t a na v\u00fdstupe okrem t\u00fdchto meran\u00ed aj koncentr\u00e1cie rozpusten\u00e9ho kysl\u00edka, CHSK a dusi\u010dnanov\u00e9ho dus\u00edka.<\/p>\n T\u00fd\u017edenn\u00e9 merania sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa na kalovej linke, kde sa anaer\u00f3bnou stabiliz\u00e1ciou kalu vyr\u00e1ba bioplyn a n\u00e1sledne elektrick\u00e1 energia (dvojp\u00f3l sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako palivo v kogenera\u010dnom zariaden\u00ed). Ka\u017ed\u00e9 3 t\u00fd\u017edne sa vykon\u00e1va monitorovanie na celej vodnej linke na 5 odbern\u00fdch miestach, kde sa meria CHSK, BSK5, v\u0161etky formy dus\u00edka (NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, TN), ortofosf\u00e1t a celkov\u00fd fosfor v 24-hodinov\u00fdch vzork\u00e1ch, suspendovan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a \u010fal\u0161ie technologick\u00e9 parametre.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n \u010co sa stane, ak niektor\u00fd parameter prekro\u010d\u00ed povolen\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Ak niektor\u00e1 zo z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t prekro\u010d\u00ed limitn\u00fa hodnotu, okam\u017eite sa skontroluje prev\u00e1dzka v\u0161etk\u00fdch spotrebi\u010dov a zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t. Kontroluj\u00fa sa on-line merania a korel\u00e1cie medzi parametrami. Zvy\u010dajne sa konzultuje s technol\u00f3gmi, aby sa zistilo, \u010do by mohlo by\u0165 mo\u017enou pr\u00ed\u010dinou takejto situ\u00e1cie na zariaden\u00ed. Zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa sa v\u0161etky odbory; mechanick\u00ed, elektrotechnick\u00ed a chemick\u00ed technol\u00f3govia. Ke\u010f sa zist\u00ed ak\u00e1ko\u013evek odch\u00fdlka od norm\u00e1lnej prev\u00e1dzky, prijm\u00fa sa opatrenia v s\u00falade s technick\u00fdmi predpismi.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Je v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9 odhadn\u00fa\u0165\/ur\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Bohu\u017eia\u013e, zatia\u013e nem\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zalo analyzova\u0165 v\u0161etky chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, alebo o \u0148om nevieme, alebo k nemu nem\u00e1me pr\u00edstup. Proces chemickej anal\u00fdzy nie je tak\u00fd, ak\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 v telev\u00edzii, napr. v seri\u00e1li Krimin\u00e1lka Miami alebo v podobnom seri\u00e1li, kde vlo\u017eia vzorku do „z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho“ pr\u00edstroja a okam\u017eite dostan\u00fa v\u00fdsledok. Mo\u017eno v\u00fdskumn\u00fd \u00fastav m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 zariadenia, ale aj tam si musia da\u0165 ve\u013ea n\u00e1mahy, aby vzorku z\u00edskali spr\u00e1vne. Takisto nie v\u0161etky zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa daj\u00fa analyzova\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm postupom.<\/p>\n Ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je aj koncentr\u00e1cia konkr\u00e9tnej zl\u00fa\u010deniny v odpadovej vode; \u010di je zl\u00fa\u010denina pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 v gramoch na liter, miligramoch, nanogramoch alebo e\u0161te menej. Zvy\u010dajne sa zameriavame na vzorky odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, v ktor\u00fdch h\u013ead\u00e1me konkr\u00e9tne chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a analyzujeme ich, aby sme ur\u010dili ich koncentr\u00e1ciu. Pre odpadov\u00fa vodu m\u00e1me ur\u010dit\u00e9 parametre, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky odpadovej vody. Napr\u00edklad parametre CHSK a BPK5 hovoria o tom, ko\u013eko zne\u010distenia organick\u00fdmi zl\u00fa\u010deninami je vo vode, a ich pomer hovor\u00ed o tom, \u010di je toto zne\u010distenie biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n A \u010do in\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa chemik\u00e1lie z liekov, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kozmetika, prostriedky osobnej hygieny, \u010distiace a pracie prostriedky, monitoruj\u00fa sa?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a: <\/strong>Tieto parametre sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v Slovinsku analyzuj\u00fa v r\u00e1mci r\u00f4znych prieskumov, ale nie s\u00fa predp\u00edsan\u00e9 pri monitorovan\u00ed komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. M\u00f4\u017eem v\u00e1m poveda\u0165, \u017ee my (na\u0161e odpadov\u00e9 vody) sme sa u\u017e na takomto prieskume z\u00fa\u010dastnili a, samozrejme, tieto l\u00e1tky boli v na\u0161ich odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9 a nameran\u00e9. Tak\u00e9to anal\u00fdzy s\u00fa v\u0161ak ve\u013emi komplexn\u00e9 a okrem z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok alebo lie\u010div sa v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch analyzuj\u00fa aj metabolick\u00e9 rez\u00eddu\u00e1, preto\u017ee tie sa u \u013eud\u00ed po po\u017eit\u00ed liekov alebo in\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (napr. drog) \u010diasto\u010dne metabolizuj\u00fa a n\u00e1sledne sa vylu\u010duj\u00fa do odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Anal\u00fdzami mikroplastov sa v\u0161ak zistilo, \u017ee pribli\u017ene 90 % sa zadr\u017eiava v aktivovanom kale.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ovplyv\u0148uje va\u0161a kari\u00e9ra va\u0161e ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 rozhodnutia? (napr. vyh\u00fdbate sa v\u00fdrobkom obsahuj\u00facim potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 zlo\u017eky)<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Svoje vedomosti ur\u010dite vyu\u017e\u00edvam v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote. Vyh\u00fdbam sa polotovarom, sna\u017e\u00edm sa jes\u0165 \u010do najviac miestnych, sez\u00f3nnych potrav\u00edn a pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed kozmetiky a in\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov kontrolujem ich zlo\u017eenie a sna\u017e\u00edm sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 t\u00fdm, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Mojou z\u00e1sadou je pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 veci, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1m, a pr\u00edli\u0161 neexperimentova\u0165. Ke\u010f sa v\u0161ak rozhodnem pre nov\u00fd v\u00fdrobok, zvy\u010dajne si skontrolujem zlo\u017eenie.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa met\u00f3dy \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d spracovanie mikroplastov, ak \u00e1no, ako sa odstra\u0148uj\u00fa?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mikroplastov obsiahnut\u00fdch v komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch poch\u00e1dza z prania a pou\u017e\u00edvania kozmetiky. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na \u010distenie komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d zatia\u013e nezah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa odstra\u0148ovanie mikroplastov. Ako som u\u017e spom\u00ednala, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa zadr\u017eiava v aktivovanom kale a jeho likvid\u00e1cia tie\u017e uzatv\u00e1ra cestu mikroplastov, ktor\u00e9 sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/p>\n Samozrejme, niektor\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, ako napr\u00edklad MBR – membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a membr\u00e1nov\u00fa filtr\u00e1ciu v procese \u010distenia, zadr\u017eiavaj\u00fa prakticky v\u0161etky mikroplasty v aktivovanom kale. Tak ako pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok, aj pri mikroplastoch je cie\u013eom minimalizova\u0165 kontamin\u00e1ciu, a teda v prvom rade zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich vstupu do odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. O to sa u\u017e pok\u00fa\u0161ame in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou \u0161peci\u00e1lnych filtrov do pr\u00e1\u010dok a v pr\u00edpade kozmetiky by sa mikroplasty mali nahradi\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali u\u017e v minulosti, predt\u00fdm, ako sme za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 plasty.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n O ko\u013eko sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 mikroplastov vo vode v priebehu \u010dasu a existuje d\u00f4kaz, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja n\u00e1rast mikroplastov s n\u00e1rastom kozmetick\u00fdch alebo \u010distiacich a prac\u00edch prostriedkov?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 odpoveda\u0165. Faktom je, \u017ee predt\u00fdm, ako sa mikroplasty za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v kozmetike, nemohli sa dosta\u0165 do odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Mikroplasty z prania oble\u010denia poch\u00e1dzali aj z pou\u017e\u00edvania a prania syntetick\u00e9ho oble\u010denia. Skuto\u010dn\u00e9 meranie a anal\u00fdza mikroplastov v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch sa v\u0161ak zatia\u013e systematicky nevykon\u00e1va, ke\u010f\u017ee sa vyskytli \u0165a\u017ekosti pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed met\u00f3d na stanovenie mikroplastov. A\u017e ke\u010f bud\u00fa zaveden\u00e9 \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 met\u00f3dy odberu a anal\u00fdzy vzoriek alebo stanovenia mikroplastov, budeme m\u00f4c\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161ne porovn\u00e1va\u0165 prieskumy medzi sebou.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n S\u00fa z odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 v\u0161etky vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie a zl\u00fa\u010deniny? Ak nie, prebieha v\u00fdskum, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho sa v\u0161etky tieto chemik\u00e1lie odstra\u0148uj\u00fa? Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sk\u00faman\u00e9 met\u00f3dy akt\u00edvne uhlie alebo fotochemick\u00fd rozklad?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Be\u017en\u00e9 postupy \u010distenia komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d nezah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa technol\u00f3gie na \u00fapln\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn. Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na biologickom \u010disten\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 neodstra\u0148uje v\u0161etky \u010dlovekom vytvoren\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (lieky, \u010distiace prostriedky, hormon\u00e1lne disruptory, mikroplasty, perzistentn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie at\u010f.), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v odpadov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Samozrejme, existuj\u00fa technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu vy\u010disti\u0165 aj perzistentn\u00e9 a \u0165a\u017eko rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ale ide o drah\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 zariadenia a ve\u013ea energie. Trendom je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vn\u00e1\u0161aniu t\u00fdchto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn do vodn\u00fdch tokov, \u010disti\u0165 ich pri zdroji (napr. farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel) a zavies\u0165 tieto pokro\u010dil\u00e9 procesy \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d aj v oblasti komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d na princ\u00edpe „zne\u010dis\u0165ovate\u013e plat\u00ed“.<\/p>\n Vo v\u00fdskume \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d sa testuj\u00fa v\u0161etky druhy technol\u00f3gi\u00ed vr\u00e1tane dvoch, ktor\u00e9 ste spomenuli, ale pre konkr\u00e9tne zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy \u010distenia. Rovnak\u00e1 met\u00f3da \u010distenia sa nem\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 pre v\u0161etky zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky, preto\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinok jedn\u00e9ho \u010distenia sa m\u00f4\u017ee pri jednotliv\u00fdch zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tkach v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n \u013dudia vylievaj\u00fa do kanaliz\u00e1cie v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 veci. Ak\u00fd je to probl\u00e9m, ke\u010f niekto vyleje do kanaliz\u00e1cie napr\u00edklad 1 liter hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho alebo nejak\u00fa kyselinu, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 alebo riedidl\u00e1 a podobne? \u010co by inak predstavovalo v\u00e1\u017enu hrozbu pre \u010cOV, ak by sa to nedalo odstr\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d s denn\u00fdm prietokom 10 000 m3 (10 000 000 l) a viac nem\u00e1 1 liter tak\u00e9hoto materi\u00e1lu \u017eiadny vplyv, preto\u017ee je ve\u013emi zrieden\u00fd. M\u00f4\u017ee to v\u0161ak by\u0165 probl\u00e9m pre men\u0161ie \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, najm\u00e4 pre tie s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou domu (\u010cOV < 50 EO), kde tak\u00e1to udalos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 mnoho n\u00e1sledkov. Jedn\u00fdm z nich je, \u017ee kvalita odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d je u\u017e v tom \u010dase pr\u00e1vne nevyhovuj\u00faca a m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee aktivovan\u00fd kal sa \u00faplne zni\u010d\u00ed, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010distiare\u0148 je dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das nefunk\u010dn\u00e1. Niektor\u00e9 l\u00e1tky m\u00f4\u017eu \u010distiare\u0148 jednoducho pre\u0165a\u017ei\u0165, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok do\u010dasne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 parametre vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu aktivovan\u00fd kal zni\u010di\u0165 alebo otr\u00e1vi\u0165 a „znefunk\u010dni\u0165“ pr\u00edrodu na dlh\u0161ie obdobie.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Existuje rozdiel v \u00fa\u010dinnosti medzi malou \u010cOV (pribli\u017ene 10 000 obyvate\u013eov) a ve\u013ekou \u010cOV (pribli\u017ene 500 000 obyvate\u013eov)?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Nu\u017e, v Slovinsku m\u00e1me ove\u013ea men\u0161ie dedinsk\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky; 100 – 2 000 PE (Population Equivalent – predstavuje mno\u017estvo zne\u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d vyprodukovan\u00fdch obyvate\u013emi alebo obcami a pou\u017e\u00edva sa na pos\u00fadenie \u00fa\u010dinnosti alebo kapacity \u010distiarn\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d) a u n\u00e1s s\u00fa tie v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie u\u017e na \u00farovni 10 000 PE; sme mal\u00e1 krajina s rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm obyvate\u013estvom. Pokia\u013e ide o rozdiel v \u00fa\u010dinnosti \u010distenia, legislat\u00edva vy\u017eaduje pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie po\u017eiadavky na \u010distenie pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdustiach, \u010do je logick\u00e9, ak sa na problematiku pozer\u00e1me z h\u013eadiska emisi\u00ed do vody. Pri meran\u00ed hmotnosti materi\u00e1lu vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00e9ho do vodn\u00e9ho toku nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed len na koncentr\u00e1cii, ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj prietok. Pri stanovovan\u00ed limitov zne\u010distenia je teda k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve za\u0165a\u017eenie.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ak\u00e1 je pod\u013ea v\u00e1s bud\u00facnos\u0165 \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, \u010do nazna\u010duj\u00fa technologick\u00e9 trendy?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade bude potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 \u010distenia komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d z \u00farovne odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn a \u017eiv\u00edn (dus\u00edk, fosfor) na vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm krokom bude pou\u017eitie vhodnej technol\u00f3gie (AOP – pokro\u010dil\u00e9 oxida\u010dn\u00e9 procesy) na odstr\u00e1nenie zvy\u0161kov lie\u010div a hormon\u00e1lnych disruptorov z odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, ako aj perzistentn\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Probl\u00e9mom s\u00fa tu, ako \u010dasto, peniaze. Preto je trendom (ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch odpadoch) v prvom rade zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vstupu \u0165a\u017eko rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch l\u00e1tok do komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, zabezpe\u010di\u0165 ich \u010distenie pri zdroji a postupne zvy\u0161ova\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 \u010distenia v komun\u00e1lnych \u010distiar\u0148ach odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee bud\u00facnos\u0165 \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d spo\u010d\u00edva aj v ekomedi\u00e1cii? M\u00f4\u017eu tieto procesy konkurova\u0165 existuj\u00facim met\u00f3dam \u010distenia?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee to je asi tie\u017e ot\u00e1zka, kde by to malo zmysel a kde by to bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n A \u010do pitn\u00e1 voda? Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee je na\u0161a voda kvalitn\u00e1 a ak\u00e1 je jej cena?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Na\u0161a pitn\u00e1 voda, tu v na\u0161ej doline, je ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00e1, aj preto, \u017ee sa upravuje modern\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom – ultrafiltr\u00e1ciou. Z\u00e1sobovanie pitnou vodou n\u00e1m zabezpe\u010duje krasov\u00e9 pramenisko, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee doch\u00e1dza ku kontaktu povrchovej a podzemnej vody, a preto je niekedy mikrobiologicky zne\u010disten\u00e1 (najm\u00e4 po\u010das da\u017e\u010fov).<\/p>\n Jej chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie je dobr\u00e9 alebo v\u00fdborn\u00e9. Nevyskytuj\u00fa sa \u017eiadne probl\u00e9my s rez\u00edduami hnoj\u00edv alebo pestic\u00eddov, preto\u017ee odbery vody sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa mimo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych oblast\u00ed a geol\u00f3gia vn\u00fatrozemia nie je problematick\u00e1. Tak\u017ee prostredn\u00edctvom procesu ultrafiltr\u00e1cie pripravujeme vodu pre na\u0161ich pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov zo zachytenej pramenitej vody procesom fyzik\u00e1lnej filtr\u00e1cie bez prid\u00e1vania chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n Cena za \u00fapravu a distrib\u00faciu vody u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom je v\u0161ak pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru n\u00edzka a \u00faplne prijate\u013en\u00e1. Ak porovn\u00e1me skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee spotrebite\u013e zaplat\u00ed v obchode za 0.5 litra prakticky to\u013eko, ko\u013eko zaplat\u00ed za 1 000 litrov vody z vodovodu v dom\u00e1cnosti, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee \u010fal\u0161\u00ed koment\u00e1r nie je potrebn\u00fd.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n M\u00f4\u017eu chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z kozmetiky a in\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov pre dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 ovplyvni\u0165 kvalitu pitnej vody?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a: <\/strong>V\u0161etko, \u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edva, mie\u0161a s vodou a vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a do kanaliz\u00e1cie, m\u00f4\u017ee sk\u00f4r \u010di nesk\u00f4r skon\u010di\u0165 v pitnej vode. Voda je univerz\u00e1lnym rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlom, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v neust\u00e1lom obehu. Tu na Zemi je kolobeh vody „uzavret\u00fd“. To, \u010do do vody vlo\u017e\u00edme, sa niekde vr\u00e1ti sp\u00e4\u0165. Mo\u017eno v inej forme, mo\u017eno to rozlo\u017eia alebo m\u00f4\u017eu rozlo\u017ei\u0165 \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy, mo\u017eno sa to nahromad\u00ed v \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmoch alebo v p\u00f4de a mo\u017eno sa tieto l\u00e1tky dostan\u00fa do n\u00e1\u0161ho tela prostredn\u00edctvom potravinov\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ktor\u00e9 parametre sa sleduj\u00fa pri anal\u00fdze pitnej vody?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Pri monitorovan\u00ed pitnej vody sa meria \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la parametrov. V z\u00e1sade sa delia na mikrobiologick\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00e9. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdmi anal\u00fdzami sa meria mno\u017estvo parametrov, a to kovy aj in\u00e9 prvky, ako aj organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny. Pr\u00edle\u017eitostne sa robia „skeny“ v\u0161etk\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa kontrolova\u0165 len ich pr\u00edtomnos\u0165, nie ich koncentr\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n Ak niekoho zauj\u00edma, \u010do sa meria v pitnej vode, m\u00f4\u017ee sa pozrie\u0165 na webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku Monitoring pitnej vody v Slovinsku (http:\/\/mpv.si\/porocila), kde s\u00fa uverejnen\u00e9 aj v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. St\u00e1le sa v\u0161ak kladie ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na mikrobiologick\u00fa kvalitu vody, preto\u017ee mikrobiologicky kontaminovan\u00e1 voda je ak\u00fatnym probl\u00e9mom a potenci\u00e1lnym zdrojom hydrick\u00fdch epid\u00e9mi\u00ed. V Slovinsku m\u00e1me vo v\u0161eobecnosti dobr\u00fa vodu; a \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je vodovodn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie je spravovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ako \u010dasto sa odoberaj\u00fa vzorky pitnej vody? Kde sa vykon\u00e1va a ako presne funguje?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Kvalita pitnej vody sa monitoruje na 2 \u00farovniach. Dod\u00e1vate\u013e vody je povinn\u00fd zavies\u0165 intern\u00fd syst\u00e9m kontroly kvality pitnej vody, ktor\u00fd je zalo\u017een\u00fd na princ\u00edpe HACCP. V \u0148om sa stanovuje po\u010det odbern\u00fdch miest a frekvencia odberu vzoriek v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti syst\u00e9mu a s\u00fabor parametrov v s\u00falade s predpismi o pitnej vode.<\/p>\n Druh\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 kontroly, t. j. odber vzoriek a anal\u00fdza, je stanoven\u00e1 vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnym monitorovan\u00edm pitnej vody. Ten sa vykon\u00e1va nez\u00e1visle od dod\u00e1vate\u013ea vody. Okrem pravideln\u00e9ho odberu a anal\u00fdzy vzoriek pitnej vody m\u00e1me na riadenie n\u00e1\u0161ho syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1sobovania vodou k dispoz\u00edcii mno\u017estvo on-line mera\u010dov a 24-hodinov\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Takto zabezpe\u010dujeme bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovanie vodou a pitn\u00fa vodu, ktor\u00e1 je v s\u00falade s predpismi.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Ako \u010dasto a pre\u010do by si mal \u010dlovek da\u0165 skontrolova\u0165 vodu, ak vlastn\u00ed s\u00fakromn\u00fd zdroj vody (napr. stud\u0148u s podzemnou vodou)?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Nata\u0161a:<\/strong> Na\u0161e sk\u00fasenosti ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee voda z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny t\u00fdchto studn\u00ed je mikrobiologicky nevhodn\u00e1. Kontrola d\u00e1va zmysel, najm\u00e4 ak vodu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na pitie.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj otv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti efekt\u00edvnej pr\u00edpravy pitnej vody a \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[163,173],"yoast_head":"\n