{"id":9249,"date":"2023-04-13T11:12:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T09:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/blog\/uncategorized-cs\/mikroplasty-v-nasich-zubnich-pastach-co-ukazuji-data-ze-slovinska\/"},"modified":"2024-03-14T23:56:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T22:56:56","slug":"mikroplasty-v-nasich-zubnich-pastach-co-ukazuji-data-ze-slovinska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/cs\/blog\/a-co-plasty\/mikroplasty-v-nasich-zubnich-pastach-co-ukazuji-data-ze-slovinska\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroplasty v na\u0161ich zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch \u2013 co ukazuj\u00ed data ze Slovinska"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Zubn\u00ed pasty jsou jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f pro osobn\u00ed hygienu. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed je d\u011bti, dosp\u011bl\u00ed i senio\u0159i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Podle definice se jedn\u00e1 o polotuh\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch usazenin ze zub\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee by bylo vhodn\u00e9 \u010distit zuby pravideln\u011b r\u00e1no a ve\u010der a jednou denn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 zubn\u00ed nit nebo kart\u00e1\u010dek na mezizubn\u00ed prostory. Pr\u016fzkumy v Evrop\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch si podle zpr\u00e1v \u010dist\u00ed zuby v\u00edce ne\u017e jednou za den 75 % dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a d\u011bt\u00ed, naopak v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch tak \u010din\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 45 % [1]. <\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: A. Bubik<\/p>\n

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V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je na trhu k dispozici \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la zubn\u00edch past. Zat\u00edmco ka\u017ed\u00e1 zna\u010dka m\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a pom\u011bry, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch, jsou: abrasiva<\/a> (brusiva), barviva, detergenty, aromata, fluoridy, zvlh\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, zahu\u0161\u0165ovadla, konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, sladidla a b\u011blidla. <\/p>\n

… To je spousta ingredienc\u00ed a pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 u\u017eivatele je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rozpoznat jejich nebezpe\u010d\u00ed!<\/p>\n

Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed ne v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 ingredience se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zubn\u00ed past\u011b, zejm\u00e9na ne v t\u011bch ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Abraziva jsou tvrd\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k odstran\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f z povrchu pomoc\u00ed brou\u0161en\u00ed a t\u0159en\u00ed. Abraziva v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch se objevuj\u00ed jako mikroperli\u010dky<\/a>. Jedn\u00e1 se o pevn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o rozm\u011brech men\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e jeden milimetr (nap\u0159\u00edklad polyethylen (PE), polymethylmethakryl\u00e1ty (PMMA)\u2026). Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nejen do zubn\u00edch past, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad i do ple\u0165ov\u00fdch peeling\u016f. Zuba\u0159i vypozorovali mikroperli\u010dky zachycen\u00e9 v d\u00e1sn\u00edch pacient\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee oblast mezi zuby a d\u00e1sn\u011bmi je extr\u00e9mn\u011b citliv\u00e1[2]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

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GS tip:<\/strong> POZOR, mikroperli\u010dky mohou b\u00fdt obsa\u017eeny i ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch \u00fastn\u00ed hygieny, jako jsou \u00fastn\u00ed vody a \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed tablety na rovn\u00e1tka \u010di zubn\u00ed prot\u00e9zy!<\/p>\n

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Mnoho kosmetick\u00fdch firem se sna\u017e\u00ed za\u010dlenit do sv\u00fdch produkt\u016f n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed abraziva \u2013 nap\u0159. mlet\u00e9 vla\u0161sk\u00e9, mandlov\u00e9 a pist\u00e1ciov\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky, r\u016fzn\u00e1 sem\u00ednka a pecky, krystalky soli\u2026<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed tedy i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed alternativy, my se v\u0161ak bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edv\u00e1me na syntetick\u00e1 abraziva.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: A. Bubik<\/p>\n

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Jak pozn\u00e1me mikroplasty v na\u0161ich zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch?<\/h3>\n

S c\u00edlem upozornit na problematiku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed produkt\u016f osobn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a kosmetiky mikro\u010d\u00e1sticemi, spustila v roce 2012 nadace Plastic Soup Foundation<\/a> kampa\u0148 pojmenovanou Beat the Microbead<\/a> (porazte mikro\u010d\u00e1stice). Nadace poskytuje seznam v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 mikroplastov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsad, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v produktech osobn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mikroplasty. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b omezen\u00ed navr\u017een\u00fdch Evropskou agenturou pro chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (ECHA)<\/a>a vlastnost\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch polymer\u016f (jestli jsou perzistentn\u00ed, bioakumulativn\u00ed a toxick\u00e9, snadno biologicky odbourateln\u00e9 a zda p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed riziko pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed), produkty pro osobn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di jsou v r\u00e1mci tohoto projektu kategorizov\u00e1ny do \u010dty\u0159 skupin \u2013 \u010derven\u00e1, oran\u017eov\u00e1, zelen\u00e1 a nulov\u00e1. Kategorizace je zalo\u017eena na mikroplastov\u00fdch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch v produktech. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee produkty na \u010derven\u00e9m seznamu<\/a> obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsady, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za mikroplastov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady nap\u0159. polyethylen (PE), polypropylen (PP), polymethylmethakryl\u00e1t (PMMA), nylon (PA), polyuretan a kopolymer akryl\u00e1t\u016f. Produkty na oran\u017eov\u00e9m seznamu<\/a> obsahuj\u00ed tzv. \u201eskeptick\u00e9 mikroplasty\u201c (nap\u0159. Polyquaternium, Poloxamer, PEG a PPG). Jedn\u00e1 se o syntetick\u00e9 polymery, pro kter\u00e9 nejsou k dispozici dostate\u010dn\u00e9 informace o jejich vlivu na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Produkty na zelen\u00e9m seznamu<\/a> a na nulov\u00e9m seznamu neobsahuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mikroplastov\u00e9 nebo \u201eskeptick\u00e9 mikroplastov\u00e9\u201c slo\u017eky [3]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Co ukazuj\u00ed data ze Slovinska?<\/h3>\n

V roce 2019 prob\u011bhl ve Slovinsku na Fakult\u011b ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdzkum \u201eSyntetick\u00e9 polymery v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch\u201c. 186 zubn\u00edch past od 30 r\u016fzn\u00fdch zna\u010dek ze slovinsk\u00e9ho trhu bylo zkontrolov\u00e1no na p\u0159\u00edtomnost syntetick\u00fdch polymer\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch deklara\u010dn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b porovn\u00e1no s ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi \u00fadaji projektu Beat the Microbead<\/a>. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky zd\u016fraznily, \u017ee 55 % zkouman\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159ily 17 r\u016fzn\u00fdm zna\u010dk\u00e1m, m\u011blo jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eku alespo\u0148 jeden syntetick\u00fd polymer. Polyethylen glycoly (PEGy)<\/a> byly nalezeny jako nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plastov\u00e1 slo\u017eka a byly p\u0159\u00edtomny v 70,4 % v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past s obsahem syntetick\u00fdch polymer\u016f. PEGy zahrnuj\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu polymer\u016f a za jejich n\u00e1zvem obvykle n\u00e1sleduje \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017enou molekulovou hmotnost slou\u010deniny (nap\u0159. PEG-6, PEG-32,\u2026). PEGy a jejich deriv\u00e1ty (slou\u010deniny vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 z PEG nahrazen\u00edm, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm nebo odstran\u011bn\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed molekuly) se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha kosmetick\u00fdch prost\u0159edc\u00edch kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm vlastnostem (jako je rozpustnost a viskozita) a kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00e9 toxicit\u011b. Ve v\u00fdzkumu byly nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 PEGy v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch PEG-6, -8, -12 a -32, PEG – 30\/40 glyceryl stear\u00e1t, PEG-40 stear\u00e1t, PEG-40\/60 hydrogenovan\u00fd ricinov\u00fd olej, PEG-3 lojov\u00fd Aminopropylamin. <\/p>\n

Mezi zubn\u00edmi pastami se syntetick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsadami lze pouze 11 % zkouman\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past (tj. cca 6 % v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch zubn\u00edch past) za\u0159adit do \u010derven\u00e9 skupiny na z\u00e1klad\u011b kategorizace Beat the Microbead. V\u00fdsledek se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edky vysok\u00e9mu zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9mu pod\u00edlu PEG v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed do oran\u017eov\u00e9 kategorie skeptick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. V na\u0161\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 skupin\u011b byly pouze dv\u011b zubn\u00ed pasty pro d\u011bti, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 18 % v\u0161ech zubn\u00edch past s mikroplastick\u00fdmi slo\u017ekami. <\/p>\n

Z online ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu ve Slovinsku vyplynulo, \u017ee pojem \u201emikroplasty\u201c zn\u00e1me (78,6 %) a v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina respondent\u016f (62,4 %) si je v\u011bdoma p\u0159\u00edtomnosti mikroplast\u016f ve sv\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Ale pouze 36,8 % z nich v\u011bd\u011blo o mikroplastech v produktech osobn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a kosmetiky. <\/p>\n

Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nev\u011bd\u011bli o mikroperli\u010dk\u00e1ch v zubn\u00edch past\u00e1ch:<\/h4>\n