[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ admin_label=“section“ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_row admin_label=“row“ _builder_version=“4.16″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ custom_padding=“|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_video src=“https:\/\/youtu.be\/v3GRvHq-Jx0″ _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“7b00f49c-0330-4b47-baa3-723e1523068f“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ hover_enabled=“0″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n
Prof. Mgr. Jana Kukutchov\u00e1, Ph.D.<\/strong>, p\u016fsob\u00ed na Fakult\u011b materi\u00e1lov\u011b-technologick\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly B\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 \u2013 Technick\u00e9 univerzity Ostrava, kde zast\u00e1v\u00e1 roli garantky studijn\u00edho programu nanotechnologie<\/strong>. Jej\u00ed akademick\u00e1 cesta za\u010dala studiem chemie a biologie, co\u017e ji vedlo k pozici u\u010ditele na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se za\u010dala intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnovat studiu vlivu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek na \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy<\/strong>, co\u017e se stalo kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry. Jej\u00ed fascinace nanotechnologiemi a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi riziky pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed ji vedla k zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na v\u00fdzkum vlivu nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f na \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy. S v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 lety zku\u0161enost\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti je prof. Kukutchov\u00e1 uzn\u00e1vanou expertkou na rizika spojen\u00e1 s nanomateri\u00e1ly a nanotechnologiemi.<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n M\u00e1 na tebe tvoje pozice vliv? T\u00edm mysl\u00edm, kdy\u017e v\u00ed\u0161, jak\u00fd negativn\u00ed vliv n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky mohou m\u00edt, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1\u0161 se jim?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Kdy\u017e pomineme nanomateri\u00e1ly a zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, sna\u017e\u00edm se nap\u0159\u00edklad omezit konzumaci uzenin, kter\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1my jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo dokonce ji\u017e prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 karcinogeny. Diskuze s kolegy ze St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako tzv. p\u0159iznan\u00e9 nebo v\u011bdom\u00e9 riziko<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee konzumenti jsou si v\u011bdomi jejich negativn\u00edho vlivu na zdrav\u00ed. Proto se sna\u017e\u00edm vyh\u00fdbat uzenin\u00e1m a alkoholu, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee radost ze \u017eivota lze nal\u00e9zt i jin\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby ne\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n V kontextu r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a jejich vlivu na zdrav\u00ed, jak je to s nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi? Vzhledem k jejich extr\u00e9mn\u011b mal\u00e9 velikosti (men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,00001 cm), existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 informace o jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> P\u016fsoben\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stic na \u010dlov\u011bka je stra\u0161n\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Kdy\u017e se bav\u00edme pouze o zdravotn\u00edch rizic\u00edch nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f a nano\u010d\u00e1stic, ukazuje se, \u017ee st\u00e1le toho nev\u00edme mnoho a jsou st\u00e1le oblasti, kde pouze o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, jak\u00e9 budou ty dopady, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed. O kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed m\u00e1me ji\u017e n\u011bjak\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 se d\u011blaj\u00ed na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch lini\u00edch, ale tyto podm\u00ednky jsou nesrovnateln\u00e9 s lidsk\u00fdm organismem. Proto je to sp\u00ed\u0161e o obez\u0159etnosti<\/strong>, nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9m nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee existoval jeden p\u00e1n, \u0159\u00edkalo se mu \u201eThe Blue Man\u201c, kter\u00fd nadu\u017e\u00edval koloidn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edbro. Pou\u017e\u00edval ho, proto\u017ee m\u011bl probl\u00e9my s tr\u00e1ven\u00edm a po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zmodral. Proto\u017ee se u n\u011bj rozvinula argyrie, kdy\u017e se to st\u0159\u00edbro za\u010dalo ukl\u00e1dat pod k\u016f\u017e\u00ed jako obrann\u00fd mechanismus organismu. L\u00e9ka\u0159i mu doporu\u010dili, aby s t\u00edm p\u0159estal. Neodbarvil se, pouze zm\u011bnil odst\u00edn \ud83d\ude42. Tak\u017ee toto je jeden viditeln\u00fd dopad, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ty dopady na \u00farovni r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyziologick\u00fdch proces\u016f jsou prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny, ale st\u00e1le je oblast nanotoxikologie, co\u017e je nov\u00fd v\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd se vyprofiloval v r\u00e1mci toxikologie s rozvojem nanotechnologi\u00ed, pln\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. Prezentuje se, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ednosy jsou obrovsk\u00e9<\/strong>, ale s t\u00edm jdou ruku v ruce mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika<\/strong> a st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u011b vydefinovan\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro bezpe\u010dnou manipulaci s nanomateri\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jak dlouho zn\u00e1me nano\u010d\u00e1stice? Pro\u010d o nich st\u00e1le nic moc nev\u00edme?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Objem nano\u010d\u00e1stic byl zn\u00e1m ji\u017e ve Star\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b<\/strong>, kde byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, i kdy\u017e se jim tehdy je\u0161t\u011b ne\u0159\u00edkalo nano\u010d\u00e1stice. P\u0159id\u00e1valy se nap\u0159\u00edklad do skla, kter\u00e9 podle vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bnilo sv\u00e9 zabarven\u00ed. Lidstvo tedy zn\u00e1 nano\u010d\u00e1stice pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho, i z hlediska jejich aplikac\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed. [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“a4ad65fe-a656-49b2-9754-b76361c9f86c“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n \u201eU nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 pravidla a doporu\u010den\u00ed pro jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed cesty, kter\u00fdmi se nano\u010d\u00e1stice dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla, a jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi a ultrajemn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Nano\u010d\u00e1stice, v\u010detn\u011b nanoplast\u016f, mohou vstupovat do lidsk\u00e9ho organismu r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami. Nano\u010d\u00e1stice se obecn\u011b rozli\u0161uj\u00ed na nanometrick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt uvol\u0148ov\u00e1ny jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty antropogenn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je doprava nebo pr\u016fmysl. Tyto se odli\u0161uj\u00ed od tzv. ultrajemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 nejsou c\u00edlen\u011b vyrobeny. Nano\u010d\u00e1stice jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice sledovan\u00e9 z hlediska kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, jako jsou PM 10 a PM 2.5. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mikrometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 se sedimentuj\u00ed pod vlivem gravitace, nano\u010d\u00e1stice a ultrajemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve vzduchu d\u00e9le, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost inhala\u010dn\u00ed expozice. Inhalace je tedy nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou, jak se nano\u010d\u00e1stice dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do organismu<\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00edmi cestami jsou po\u017eit\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159es potraviny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stice jako pigmenty) a intraven\u00f3zn\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 je v\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e c\u00edlen\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve farmaceutick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Pr\u016fnik p\u0159es k\u016f\u017ei je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejm\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd zp\u016fsob vstupu nano\u010d\u00e1stic do organismu.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nanocastice-vlas-lupa-cz.png“ title_text=“Nanocastice-vlas-lupa-cz“ _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“32fecfd5-025d-42fc-9828-d86bb0da2821″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jak\u00e9 dopady mohou m\u00edt nanoplasty a jin\u00e9 nano\u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 se kumuluj\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni, a jak\u00e9 jsou na\u0161e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 poznatky o jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlivu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> V posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch studi\u00edch za\u010dalo ukazovat, \u017ee nanoplasty se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do prost\u0159ed\u00ed rozpadem mikroplast\u016f<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee st\u00e1le nem\u00e1me \u00fapln\u00e9 a p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o tom, jak se tyto typy \u010d\u00e1stic chovaj\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v detekci t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stic a jejich charakterizaci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o vody nebo p\u016fdy. Ned\u00e1vno byly tyto typy \u010d\u00e1stic, zejm\u00e9na mikroplasty, detekov\u00e1ny nap\u0159\u00edklad v placent\u00e1ch, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jsme jim pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vystaveni v\u0161ichni a to r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Dlouhodob\u011b se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me anal\u00fdzou biologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pr\u00e1v\u011b z hlediska detekce mikro a nanometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Analyzovali jsme nap\u0159\u00edklad vzorky plodov\u00fdch vod, kde jsme na\u0161li r\u016fzn\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice r\u016fzn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tyto \u010d\u00e1stice pronikly placent\u00e1rn\u00ed bari\u00e9rou<\/strong>. To ukazuje, \u017ee stejn\u011b jako u vir\u016f, i u nanometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic nen\u00ed placent\u00e1rn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra pln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. (pozn. autora: odkaz na studii s n\u00e1zvem Mikroplasty a p\u0159\u00edsady u pacientek s p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm porodem: Prvn\u00ed d\u016fkaz jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v lidsk\u00e9 plodov\u00e9 vod\u011b a placent\u011b najdete ZDE<\/a>.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m vlivu nanoplast\u016f st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b nem\u00e1me \u00fapln\u00e9 informace. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch deseti let na\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s l\u00e9ka\u0159i z r\u016fzn\u00fdch klinik, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad klinika otorinolaryngologie nebo patologie, jsme zjistili, \u017ee st\u00e1le existuje mnoho tzv. idiopatick\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nemoci bez zjevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b organismus na n\u011bco reaguje, pokud to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed psychosomatick\u00e9. \u010casem jsme zjistili, \u017ee v\u017edy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na limitech metod, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, a to plat\u00ed i pro nanoplasty<\/strong>. Ot\u00e1zkou je, jak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky mohou m\u00edt nanoplasty na jednotlivce. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v \u010dervnu tohoto roku, uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1stice na b\u00e1zi plast\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e mikro nebo nano, mohou uvol\u0148ovat p\u0159i kr\u00e1jen\u00ed potravin na plastov\u00e9m prk\u00e9nku. Toto bylo publikov\u00e1no v renomovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9m na environment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy. Existuj\u00ed tedy zp\u016fsoby, jak m\u016f\u017eeme ovlivnit m\u00edru expozice <\/strong>mikro a nanoplast\u016fm, ale konzumace vody je ji\u017e jin\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Ty ses hodn\u011b zaj\u00edmala\/zaj\u00edm\u00e1\u0161 o nano\u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z pneumatik a brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu nano\u010d\u00e1stic uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se z pneumatik a brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek p\u0159i brzd\u011bn\u00ed automobilu?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:\u00a0<\/strong>Co se t\u00fd\u010de \u010d\u00e1stic uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se ot\u011brem z brzd nebo pneumatik automobil\u016f, zab\u00fdv\u00e1me se touto problematikou ji\u017e asi 15 a\u017e 17 let, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na \u010d\u00e1stice vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u011brem z brzd. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee emise uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 z tzv. nespalovac\u00edch proces\u016f<\/strong> v doprav\u011b, kter\u00e9 nejsou m\u011b\u0159eny p\u0159i st\u00e1tn\u00ed technick\u00e9 kontrole vozidel, jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. I kdy\u017e se elektromobily ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako \u201ezero emissions\u201c<\/strong>, nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b pravda, pokud maj\u00ed frik\u010dn\u00ed brzdy a pneumatiky, co\u017e maj\u00ed v\u0161echny. P\u0159ed asi 13 lety jsme jako prvn\u00ed podrobn\u011b popisovali nanometrick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Testovali jsme re\u00e1ln\u00fd hardware, tedy brzdov\u00e9 desky a kotou\u010de st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy vozidla, a zjistili jsme, \u017ee se objevuj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti od 5 do 25 nanometr\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na b\u00e1zi saz\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch slou\u010denin. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu bylo popsat, co vznik\u00e1, jak to m\u016f\u017eeme odeb\u00edrat a charakterizovat. Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je vyvinout slo\u017een\u00ed brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru emis\u00ed t\u011bchto nanometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, ale i mikro\u010d\u00e1stic. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 se\u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00ed brzdov\u00e9ho ped\u00e1lu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ot\u011brov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, a c\u00edlem je, aby tyto \u010d\u00e1stice nevznikaly<\/strong> v rozmez\u00ed velikost\u00ed pod 100 nanometr\u016f, ale aby byly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a usazovaly se na povr\u0161\u00edch cest, nikoli v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let jsme zjistili, \u017ee p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m se\u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00ed brzdov\u00e9ho ped\u00e1lu vznikaj\u00ed ot\u011brov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, bu\u010f z brzdov\u00e9 desky, nebo z brzdov\u00e9ho kotou\u010de. Charakter emis\u00ed a to, co se uvol\u0148uje, v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje styl j\u00edzdy \u0159idi\u010de<\/strong>, nejen materi\u00e1ly pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve vozidle. Existuj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e: bu\u010f prudce zabrzd\u00edte<\/strong> a uvoln\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, nebo pomalu brzd\u00edte<\/strong> a kotou\u010d se neprochlad\u00ed, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje teplotu a vede k produkci velmi mal\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic na b\u00e1zi saz\u00ed. Tyto v\u00fdsledky jsme poskytli r\u016fzn\u00fdm instituc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na regulaci emis\u00ed z automobil\u016f, nebo\u0165 emise nejsou omezeny pouze na v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny, ale zahrnuj\u00ed i emise z nespalovac\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako nap\u0159. plast\u016f, kov\u016f, tkanin se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nano\u010d\u00e1stice uvol\u0148uj\u00ed. Je n\u011bjak\u00fd materi\u00e1l, z n\u011bho\u017e se nano\u010d\u00e1stice neuvol\u0148uj\u00ed, nebo zat\u00edm nic nev\u00edme?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Je to o\u0161emetn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. \u010c\u00e1stice se mohou uvol\u0148ovat, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 nejsme schopni je zachytit s metodami, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me<\/strong>. \u010casto je to ovlivn\u011bno pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bmito metodami, proto\u017ee n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee hled\u011bt na kom\u00edn a nevid\u011bt nic, a tvrdit, \u017ee se nic neuvol\u0148uje. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nanometrick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice nejsou viditeln\u00e9 pouh\u00fdm okem, a proto bychom m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat jin\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k jejich pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i pro studie a anal\u00fdzy r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s pou\u017eit\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod. Je nezbytn\u00e9 nastavit citlivost t\u011bchto metod<\/strong> tak, aby byly schopny detekovat pr\u00e1v\u011b ty velmi mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Je to diskutabiln\u00ed, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee materi\u00e1ly odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di ot\u011bru neuvol\u0148uj\u00ed tak velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee \u00fapln\u011b nulov\u00e1 m\u00edra uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, v jak\u00fdch je dan\u00fd materi\u00e1l vystaven opot\u0159eben\u00ed, proto\u017ee zde hovo\u0159\u00edme o opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Pokud je materi\u00e1l pouze zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fd v prostoru a je v kontaktu s proud\u00edc\u00edm vzduchem, je to jin\u00e1 situace, ne\u017e kdy\u017e je kloubn\u00ed implant\u00e1t neust\u00e1le ot\u00edr\u00e1n o jinou pevnou \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku. To zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuje ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Ve studi\u00edch zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi (nanomateri\u00e1lem) oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho a oxidu zine\u010dnat\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 v opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mech, se nab\u00e1d\u00e1 k opatrnosti, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le neexistuje dostatek studi\u00ed. Kdy\u017e nejde o nano\u010d\u00e1stice zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, pak se bere, \u017ee jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Jde \u0159\u00edci n\u011bco jako \u201e\u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u201c?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:\u00a0<\/strong>Je pravda, \u017ee men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice mohou p\u0159edstavovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jejich slo\u017een\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu pou\u017eit\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve farmacii existuje tendence p\u0159ech\u00e1zet od tradi\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e9\u010div k nanoform\u00e1m<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka je p\u0159evedena na nanovelikost, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit rychlost absorpce nebo chov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010diva v organismu \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemus\u00ed<\/strong> b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v\u017edy problematick\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b u opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pravd\u011bpodobnost pr\u016fniku men\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic do organismu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159esto bych se u ko\u017en\u00ed aplikace p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neob\u00e1vala<\/strong>. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je rozd\u00edl mezi t\u00edm, kdy\u017e si dosp\u011bl\u00fd nama\u017ee z\u00e1da, a kdy\u017e nama\u017eeme obli\u010dej mal\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti<\/strong>, kde je i tlou\u0161\u0165ka jednotliv\u00fdch vrstev k\u016f\u017ee odli\u0161n\u00e1. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpadu a aplikaci individu\u00e1ln\u011b a diskutovat o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby se v\u0161eobecn\u011b zobec\u0148ovalo.<\/p>\n Pokud jde o vliv na vodn\u00ed organismy, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bav\u00edme o sladkovodn\u00edch organismech. Oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd je nerozpustn\u00fd<\/strong>, tak\u017ee jeho vliv bude sp\u00ed\u0161e nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee produkovat reaktivn\u00ed kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly. Ty mohou inhibovat fyziologick\u00e9 funkce n\u011bkter\u00fdch organism\u016f nebo v hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00edt let\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky. (pozn. autora: let\u00e1ln\u00ed jsou d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 vedou k smrti nebo jsou schopny zp\u016fsobit smrt.)<\/em><\/span> U oxidu zine\u010dnat\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd je rozpustn\u00fd, se mohou uvol\u0148ovat zine\u010dnat\u00e9 ionty. Zinek je pro suchozemsk\u00e9 organismy a \u010dlov\u011bka esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed a relativn\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00fd, ale pro vodn\u00ed organismy je toxick\u00fd<\/strong>. Nem\u016f\u017eeme tedy p\u0159istupovat k probl\u00e9mu pouze z antropocentrick\u00e9ho hlediska, proto\u017ee i my lid\u00e9 jsme sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu a potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce<\/strong>. Ned\u00e1vno jsem \u010detla studii, kter\u00e1 hledala nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed organismus pro ekosyst\u00e9m, a uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee jsou to v\u010dely<\/strong> jako opylova\u010di. Proto nem\u016f\u017eeme myslet pouze na sebe.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Byla jsem nemile p\u0159ekvapena, kdy\u017e jsem zjistila, \u017ee se do \u0161kolek, \u0161kol a podobn\u011b aplikuj\u00ed n\u00e1st\u0159iky nano\u010d\u00e1stic, aby \u201ezni\u010dily\u201c viry a bakterie. Tam, kde d\u011bti p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do styku s hra\u010dkami a pom\u016fckami na denn\u00ed b\u00e1zi. Jako rodi\u010d bych o tom minim\u00e1ln\u011b cht\u011bla b\u00fdt informovan\u00e1 a nesouhlasila bych s touto aplikac\u00ed. Co se vlastn\u011b aplikuje, kde a jak? Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> P\u0159i aplikaci n\u00e1st\u0159ik\u016f nano\u010d\u00e1stic \u0161lo o oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong> ve form\u011b anatasu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi formami, jako jsou anatas, rutyl nebo brookit, jeliko\u017e to m\u00e1 vliv na dopady. Podle spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bla aplikaci, m\u011bly tyto nano\u010d\u00e1stice velikost kolem 5 a\u017e 7 nanometr\u016f, co\u017e jsou velmi mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. C\u00edlem bylo dos\u00e1hnout nov\u00e9 definice hygienick\u00e9 \u010distoty a bojovat proti nemocnosti d\u011bt\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. My jsme se obr\u00e1tili na Magistr\u00e1t m\u011bsta Ostravy s t\u00edm, \u017ee si nev\u00ed rady s rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem takov\u00fdch nab\u00eddek, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161ly po nebo b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed COVIDu. Argumentovali, \u017ee neaplikac\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1st\u0159ik\u016f ne\u0159e\u0161\u00edme zdrav\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed o tom rozhodovali, v\u0161ak nedisponovali dostate\u010dn\u00fdmi informacemi o chov\u00e1n\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f a\u00a0nechali se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee to bude pro d\u011bti to nejlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong> N\u00e1sledn\u011b byly n\u00e1st\u0159iky aplikov\u00e1ny na stoly, hra\u010dky<\/strong> a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, v domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee to sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nemocnost. Tento postup se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159iceti mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v Ostrav\u011b.<\/p>\n My jsme se ptali, kdo to povolil a na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010deho. Ti, kdo to povolili, nebyli schopni podlo\u017eit sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed argumenty. Apelovali jsme na to, aby se tyto aplikace vyhnuly d\u011btsk\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsme nev\u011bd\u011bli, jak\u00fd dopad to bude m\u00edt. Oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd je velmi stabiln\u00ed a nerozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, tak\u017ee lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee pokud vstoup\u00ed do organismu, m\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopady<\/strong>. Byli jsme vyzv\u00e1ni, abychom dok\u00e1zali negativn\u00ed dopady, co\u017e bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Na\u0161e snaha byla zabr\u00e1nit aplikaci v prost\u0159ed\u00edch s d\u011btmi, co\u017e se nakonec poda\u0159ilo, a aplikace byly vylou\u010deny ze strategi\u00ed m\u011bsta. Doporu\u010den\u00ed bylo rozesl\u00e1no, aby se n\u00e1st\u0159iky nepou\u017e\u00edvaly v prost\u0159ed\u00edch s d\u011btmi<\/strong>. Rozd\u00edl je v tom, zda se aplikuje v domov\u011b s pe\u010dovatelskou slu\u017ebou nebo v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kole, proto\u017ee vyhl\u00eddky na dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot s nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi v t\u011ble u d\u00edt\u011bte jsou mnohem del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u klienta domova s pe\u010dovatelskou slu\u017ebou. Byli jsme tak\u00e9 vyzv\u00e1ni, abychom dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na rozvoj n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e je extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad. Nemus\u00edme se bavit o tak extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, ale m\u016f\u017eeme diskutovat o mo\u017en\u00e9m vlivu na rozvoj alergick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed, o \u010dem\u017e tak\u00e9 nic nev\u00edme. A kdo to bude potom dokazovat, kdy\u017e se takov\u00e1 reakce objev\u00ed u d\u00edt\u011bte na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole, po letech, kdy byly nano\u010d\u00e1stice deponov\u00e1ny v t\u011ble a najednou n\u011bco spust\u00ed?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Podhoub\u00ed pro tyto n\u00e1st\u0159iky se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo hlavn\u011b v obdob\u00ed COVID pandemie. Jak\u00fd je tv\u016fj n\u00e1zor?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Pou\u017eit\u00ed nanotechnologi\u00ed v boji proti COVID-19 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed, jak jsme vid\u011bli u rou\u0161ek z nanovl\u00e1knov\u00fdch textili\u00ed nebo vakc\u00edn obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch lipidov\u00e9 nano\u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto aplikace maj\u00ed smysl<\/strong>. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1st\u0159ik\u016f nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho na stoly a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako prevenci respira\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b logick\u00e9. Respira\u010dn\u00ed nemoci se obvykle p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kap\u00e9nkovou cestou, tedy vdechov\u00e1n\u00edm vzduchu, nikoli kontaktem s kontaminovan\u00fdmi povrchy. Studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1kazy z kontaktu s kontaminovan\u00fdm povrchem je pouze asi p\u011bt procent<\/strong>. Oproti tomu, vdechnut\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, a\u0165 u\u017e vir\u016f nebo bakteri\u00ed, je mnohem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Z tohoto hlediska se zd\u00e1, \u017ee racion\u00e1ln\u00ed opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1st\u0159ik\u016f v boji proti respira\u010dn\u00edm nemocem chyb\u00ed a motivace<\/strong> za jejich pou\u017eit\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jin\u00e1 ne\u017e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“a4ad65fe-a656-49b2-9754-b76361c9f86c“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n \u201eSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed aplikace nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti farmacie. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159istupovat k v\u00fdvoji a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f obez\u0159etn\u011b a s rozmyslem, a ne nechat trh, aby tuto oblast pln\u011b \u0159\u00eddil.\u201c\u00a0<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n \u010cetla jsem, \u017ee rou\u0161ky a respir\u00e1tory uvol\u0148uj\u00ed mikro a nano\u010d\u00e1stice (nanotextilie) p\u0159i no\u0161en\u00ed i p\u0159i degradaci v \u017dP [3]<\/a>. Vzhledem k pou\u017eit\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch pom\u016fcek, kter\u00e9 se nal\u00e9zaj\u00ed v mo\u0159\u00edch i \u0159ek\u00e1ch, se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se uvol\u0148uje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1lu. Jak tyto \u010d\u00e1stice p\u016fsob\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde mohou zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9m?\u00a0<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:\u00a0<\/strong>Uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stic z rou\u0161ek je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e ot\u00e1zkou fragment\u016f nanovl\u00e1ken ne\u017e samotn\u00fdch nano\u010d\u00e1stic, pokud nejde o nanovl\u00e1kna s nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi deponovan\u00fdmi na povrchu. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma typy. Na rozd\u00edl od nano\u010d\u00e1stic oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsme d\u0159\u00edve diskutovali, jsou materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v rou\u0161k\u00e1ch obvykle organick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a jsou degradovateln\u00e9<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se mohou \u010dasem rozlo\u017eit, na rozd\u00edl od kovov\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 jsou nedegradovateln\u00e9. Tedy, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rou\u0161ek a nanovl\u00e1ken se jedn\u00e1 o odli\u0161n\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nano\u010d\u00e1sticemi oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho, a to hlavn\u011b kv\u016fli jejich chemick\u00e9mu slo\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n B\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19 bylo vyprodukov\u00e1no obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Na na\u0161\u00ed fakult\u011b se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me metodami, kter\u00e9 by mohly n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou ochrann\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty, recyklovat a vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt do ob\u011bhu, aby se tak sn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estv\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho odpadu. C\u00edlem je zabr\u00e1nit jejich spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo skl\u00e1dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. A\u010dkoliv je probl\u00e9m jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho odpadu z\u0159ejm\u00fd, nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee by se z t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f uvol\u0148ovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stic. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed fragmenty nanovl\u00e1ken, ale ty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt schopny se \u010dasem rozlo\u017eit.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Je pot\u0159eba se tedy ob\u00e1vat, je v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bjak ovlivnit vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stice? N\u011bkter\u00e9 nano\u010d\u00e1stice jsou i p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9, je to tak? <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana: Obavy z nano\u010d\u00e1stic jsou opodstatn\u011bn\u00e9<\/strong>, a to by mohlo b\u00fdt t\u00e9ma na cel\u00fd semestr p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek. Kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e a procesy, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se nano\u010d\u00e1stice uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do prost\u0159ed\u00ed a my jsme jim vystaveni, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee existuj\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>, nebo ultrajemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho prost\u0159ed\u00ed od nepam\u011bti. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou saze, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1rech, vulkanick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nebo jak\u00e9mkoliv spalovac\u00edm procesu. N\u00e1\u0161 organismus je na boj s nimi n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ipraven a m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 mechanismy<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak existuj\u00ed i nano\u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 jsou zcela nov\u00e9, vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed ve spojitosti s v\u00fdvojem nov\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a slou\u010denin pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace<\/strong>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nano\u010d\u00e1stice na b\u00e1zi st\u0159\u00edbra nebyly v\u017edy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pokud bychom nap\u0159\u00edklad za\u010dali masivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat pono\u017eky s nanost\u0159\u00edbrem a textilie s t\u00edmto materi\u00e1lem, kter\u00e9 se postupn\u011b uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do odpadn\u00edch vod, mohlo by to vyvolat pot\u0159ebu nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod, proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny mo\u017en\u00e1 s t\u00edm nebudou schopny efektivn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnout. To je jeden z mnoha aspekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/p>\n Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed aplikace nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti farmacie<\/strong>. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159istupovat k v\u00fdvoji a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f obez\u0159etn\u011b a s rozmyslem, a ne nechat trh, aby tuto oblast pln\u011b \u0159\u00eddil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed automobil\u016f. A\u010dkoliv jsou automobilov\u00e9 nehody b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, lid\u00e9 st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed auta, ale s v\u011bdom\u00edm pravidel a opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, jako je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u00e1s\u016f a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dopravn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. U nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 pravidla<\/strong> a doporu\u010den\u00ed pro jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n Zde je tedy pot\u0159eba z\u00e1sahu ze strany vl\u00e1dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, jako je ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed nebo ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00edch relevantn\u00edch resort\u016f, aby byla stanovena jasn\u00e1 pravidla a doporu\u010den\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>. Tato regulace je nezbytn\u00e1 pro minimalizaci rizik spojen\u00fdch s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm nanotechnologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n There is therefore a need for intervention by government institutions such as the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of the Environment and other relevant ministries to establish clear rules and recommendations for the safe use of nanomaterials. Such regulation is necessary to minimise the risks associated with the use of nanotechnologies.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Kde v\u0161ude ale nano\u010d\u00e1stice mohou pomoci? Hodn\u011b jsem \u010detla, \u017ee ve farmacii a obecn\u011b zdravotnictv\u00ed, jak to vid\u00ed\u0161 ty?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Kde mohou nano\u010d\u00e1stice pomoci? Ur\u010dit\u011b v oblasti zdravotnictv\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i takzvan\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00ed nanotechnologie, ve kter\u00fdch se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 nanokatalyz\u00e1tory a nanosorbenty k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, vody a k proveden\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch dekontaminac\u00ed. Tyto aplikace ur\u010dit\u011b maj\u00ed smysl. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuje zde ur\u010dit\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k nekontrolovan\u00e9mu \u00faniku t\u011bchto nano\u010d\u00e1stic do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tak\u017ee znovu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k ot\u00e1zce podm\u00ednek, za kter\u00fdch je manipulace s nimi bezpe\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Je n\u011bco, co bys r\u00e1da \u0159ekla z\u00e1v\u011brem?<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“c1471b09-4a99-4ba4-a621-4bad6a5e9619″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n Jana:<\/strong> Z\u00e1v\u011brem bych mo\u017en\u00e1 r\u00e1da motivovala k tomu, abychom neposuzovali nano\u010d\u00e1stice a nanomateri\u00e1ly pouze z jednoho \u00fahlu pohledu. Tato mince m\u00e1 toti\u017e dv\u011b strany. Jednou jsme se bavili o rizic\u00edch, kter\u00e1 mohou m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopady a vypadaj\u00ed ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nad\u011bjn\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato mince m\u00e1 i druhou stranu, a tou jsou p\u0159\u00ednosy. B\u011bhem pandemie COVIDu jsme dok\u00e1zali situaci \u0159e\u0161it i s vyu\u017eit\u00edm nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee pokud s nimi nakl\u00e1d\u00e1me obez\u0159etn\u011b, mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pozitivn\u00ed dopad. Nanomateri\u00e1ly mohou skute\u010dn\u011b pomoci lidstvu, ale nesm\u00edme je pou\u017e\u00edvat neuv\u00e1\u017een\u011b<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na ne na d\u011btech, proto\u017ee bychom se mohli setkat s nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi p\u0159ekvapen\u00edmi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se jejich \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“dd44a80f-e178-438e-ae1f-7d2385f28960″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n D\u011bkuji \ud83d\ude42<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.23″ _module_preset=“b69f9b3d-c69a-4c5f-a3b8-4a8a74c4c1a0″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n [1] https:\/\/www.avcr.cz\/cs\/o-nas\/aktuality\/Nanoplasty-jsou-neviditelnou-hrozbou-varuje-environmentalni-chemik<\/a><\/p>\n [2] https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/CS\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223&from=ES<\/a><\/p>\n
V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se za\u010daly intenzivn\u011b rozv\u00edjet, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s rozvojem experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch technik, jako jsou elektronov\u00e9 mikroskopy, kter\u00fdmi jsme schopni l\u00e9pe tyto objekty popsat, vizualizovat a manipulovat s nimi pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00fdch struktur. Tak\u017ee v\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, jak vypadaj\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stice, se rozv\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v posledn\u00edch 50 letech<\/strong>, mo\u017en\u00e1 i m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\nZdroje<\/h3>\n