{"id":12040,"date":"2023-04-13T11:04:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T09:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/blog\/uncategorized-cs\/byt-ci-nebyt-na-slunci\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:42:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T12:42:53","slug":"byt-ci-nebyt-na-slunci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/green-gate.eu\/cs\/blog\/je-dobre-vedet\/byt-ci-nebyt-na-slunci\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eB\u00fdt, \u010di neb\u00fdt\u201c… na slunci?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V Austr\u00e1lii existuje star\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkanka, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201emezi 11 a 3 z\u016fsta\u0148 pod stromem\u201c.<\/p>\n

V minulosti lid\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed sluncem. Od t\u00e9 doby, co se v\u0161ak op\u00e1len\u00e1 poko\u017eka stala m\u00f3dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a tr\u00e1vit letn\u00ed dovolenou le\u017een\u00edm na pl\u00e1\u017ei trendem, vid\u00edme n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. <\/p>\n

Austr\u00e1lie m\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee, na rozd\u00edl od Afriky, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru rakoviny na sv\u011bt\u011b [1]<\/a>. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f tohoto rozd\u00edlu je typ pleti lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Typy pleti<\/h3>\n

Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou klasifikace typ\u016f pleti je Fitzpatrickova klasifikace typ\u016f pleti [1]<\/a>. Jak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee, tato klasifikace rozli\u0161uje \u0161est kategori\u00ed typ\u016f pleti.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zu: https:\/\/careinthesun.org\/sun-protection\/know-your-skin-type\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Tato klasifikace v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee poznat v\u00e1\u0161 typ poko\u017eky, abyste mohli l\u00e9pe posoudit, jak je n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 ke sp\u00e1len\u00ed, a ur\u010dit, jak\u00e1 jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika. V\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed citlivosti poko\u017eky je jen z\u0159\u00eddkakdy toto\u017en\u00e9 s t\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nam\u011b\u0159\u00ed fototest na UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed [1].<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete si ud\u011blat tento kr\u00e1tk\u00fd test<\/a>, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee ur\u010dit, jak\u00e9 SPF je pot\u0159eba k ochran\u011b va\u0161\u00ed poko\u017eky.<\/p>\n

M\u011bli bychom se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed sluncem, to je ur\u010dit\u011b v\u0161em jasn\u00e9. Jedin\u00e1 v\u011bc, kterou bychom m\u011bli zpochybnit, je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je n\u00e1m propagov\u00e1na ochrana p\u0159ed sluncem. Opalovat se n\u011bkolik hodin na pl\u00e1\u017ei se silnou vrstvou opalovac\u00edho kr\u00e9mu, nen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Je hned n\u011bkolik bod\u016f, kter\u00e9 mi br\u00e1n\u00ed oslavovat opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m jako magick\u00fd prost\u0159edek proti slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9my toti\u017e obsahuj\u00ed UV filtry, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed dobr\u00fd vliv na na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed ani na kor\u00e1ly a \u017eivot v oce\u00e1nu. Poj\u010fme se do toho pustit hloub\u011bji.<\/p>\n

UV filtry<\/h3>\n

UV filtry ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f lze rozd\u011blit do dvou skupin: chemick\u00e9 (organick\u00e9) a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed (anorganick\u00e9\/fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed). Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 UV filtry jsou oktinox\u00e1t a oxybenzon (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako BP-3), zat\u00edmco nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi miner\u00e1ln\u00edmi UV filtry jsou oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd a oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Chemick\u00e9 UV filtry<\/h3>\n

S rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem v\u00fdzkum\u016f se objevuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 UV filtry maj\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n

Podle V\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru pro bezpe\u010dnost spot\u0159ebitel\u016f: \u201ePou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed BP-3 jako UV filtru a\u017e do maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed koncentrace 6 % v produktech na ochranu proti slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e ve form\u011b t\u011blov\u00e9ho kr\u00e9mu, spreje na ochranu proti slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nebo spreje s pumpi\u010dkou, nen\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro spot\u0159ebitele.“ [2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e BP-3 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do kontaktu s na\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, proch\u00e1z\u00ed vrstvami k\u016f\u017ee a m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 snadno vstoupit do placenty. To by mohlo zp\u016fsobit komplikace v prenat\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee BP-3 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky a vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se mozek. Nejv\u00edce znepokojuj\u00edc\u00edm objevem je, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed BP-3 je spojov\u00e1no se zv\u00fd\u0161enou mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch abnormalit [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: pixabay.com<\/p>\n

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Bohu\u017eel se to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch chemick\u00fdch UV filtr\u016f. Bylo tak\u00e9 prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee proch\u00e1zej\u00ed vrstvou k\u016f\u017ee. I kdy\u017e dosud neexistuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkazy jako u BP-3, existuj\u00ed obavy a rostouc\u00ed po\u010det v\u00fdzkum\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jin\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 UV filtry maj\u00ed endokrinn\u00ed disruptivn\u00ed vlastnosti [4]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed UV filtry<\/h3>\n

Oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd a oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd jsou miner\u00e1ln\u00ed UV filtry, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v miner\u00e1ln\u00edch opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mech nej\u010dast\u011bji ve form\u011b nano\u010d\u00e1stic. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed proveden dostate\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dosp\u011bt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, zda nano\u010d\u00e1stice mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed na\u0161eho t\u011bla, a nav\u00edc neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd nebo oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd mohou pronikat p\u0159es na\u0161i k\u016f\u017ei ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. V\u00edce o nano\u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch si v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v tomto rozhovoru (rozhovor \u017daneta<\/a>), stejn\u011b jako o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktualizaci o oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9m v EU. FDA a Evropsk\u00e1 unie proto dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou miner\u00e1l\u016f je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentura pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny m\u00e1 jin\u00fd n\u00e1zor a klasifikovala oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd jako mo\u017en\u00fd karcinogen p\u0159i vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d sprejov\u00e9 nebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 formy p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd mohou p\u0159edstavovat riziko. To lze \u0159\u00edci i o sprejov\u00fdch nebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch produktech obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd [4]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Kor\u00e1ly na to dopl\u00e1cej\u00ed<\/h3>\n

A pak je tu \u0161kodliv\u00fd vliv na na\u0161i planetu a zejm\u00e9na na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny!<\/p>\n

Podle National Geographic se ro\u010dn\u011b do oce\u00e1n\u016f vyplav\u00ed kolem 14 000 tun opalovac\u00edho kr\u00e9mu! [5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mnoho v\u00fdzkum\u016f proveden\u00fdch na UV filtrech, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mech a dal\u0161\u00edch kosmetick\u00fdch produktech, nazna\u010duje dopad na zdrav\u00ed kor\u00e1l\u016f od b\u011blen\u00ed a\u017e po zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00famrtnost. Kv\u016fli t\u011bmto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159ijala Havaj v roce 2021 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k z\u00e1kazu dvou chemick\u00fdch UV filtr\u016f, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mech (a o kter\u00fdch jsme mluvili) \u2013 oxybenzon a oktinox\u00e1t [6]<\/a>. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsme s rozhodnut\u00edm Havaje spokojeni, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed UV filtry, jako je oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd, jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b toxick\u00e9 pro kor\u00e1ly a vodn\u00ed organismy, a p\u0159esto je jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1le povoleno.<\/p>\n

UV filtry se tak\u00e9 rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na slunci nebo p\u0159i reakci s jin\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liemi, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad chl\u00f3r v baz\u00e9nech. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u00e9to degradace se l\u00e1tka m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo umo\u017enit vznik jin\u00fdch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. UV filtry a jejich degrada\u010dn\u00ed produkty byly m\u011b\u0159eny ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ve vod\u00e1ch ke koup\u00e1n\u00ed [7]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Co tedy doporu\u010duji?<\/h3>\n

Nen\u00ed to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 novinka a na\u0161i prarodi\u010de to celou dobu v\u011bd\u011bli. Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak se chr\u00e1nit, je omezit \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd na slunci. M\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt i fyzick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry, jako je oble\u010den\u00ed s dlouh\u00fdm ruk\u00e1vem a letn\u00ed \u010depice. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed na zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u016fstat ve st\u00ednu mezi 11:00 a 15:00, proto\u017ee tehdy jsou slune\u010dn\u00ed UV paprsky nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pokud se nebudete moc vystavovat slunci, ale p\u0159esto byste se cht\u011bli chr\u00e1nit, existuje n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch olej\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fd ochrann\u00fd faktor (SPF). Ale pozor, SPF jsou dost n\u00edzk\u00e9, tak\u017ee to nen\u00ed ur\u010deno na celodenn\u00ed le\u017een\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u017ei. <\/p>\n

Jen v nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy tr\u00e1v\u00edte v\u00edce \u010dasu na slunci a nem\u016f\u017eete se jinak chr\u00e1nit, bych s\u00e1hla po opalovac\u00edm kr\u00e9mu \u2013 nejl\u00e9pe miner\u00e1ln\u00edm, bez nano\u010d\u00e1stic.<\/p>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee jsem uvedla seznam p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch olej\u016f a jejich SPF, pod\u00edvejte se a najd\u011bte si pro v\u00e1s ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3140123\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Tak\u017ee pro v\u0161echny milovn\u00edky opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f a pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jako j\u00e1 byli v\u017edy skepti\u010dt\u00ed k t\u00e9to ochrann\u00e9 metod\u011b, douf\u00e1m, \u017ee tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u011bci trochu objasnil. Zdr\u017eujte se co nejv\u00edce ve st\u00ednu a pou\u017e\u00edvejte ochrann\u00fd od\u011bv! Nezapom\u00ednejte chr\u00e1nit sebe, ale i na\u0161i planetu, oce\u00e1ny a vodn\u00ed \u017eivot :). Nev\u011b\u0159te v\u0161emu, co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed v reklam\u00e1ch, slun\u00ed\u010dko nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9. Koneckonc\u016f, je to nejlep\u0161\u00ed zdroj vitam\u00ednu D. Pobyt na slunci je pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd, pokud jsme opatrn\u00ed a budeme to d\u011blat kontrolovan\u011b. <\/p>\n

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GS tip:<\/strong> \u201emezi 11 a 3 z\u016fsta\u0148te pod stromem\u201d<\/p>\n

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Zdroje<\/h3>\n

[1] https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6153767\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2022-08\/sccs_o_247.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34351731\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[4] https:\/\/www.ewg.org\/sunscreen\/report\/the-trouble-with-sunscreen-chemicals\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[5] https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=dc777751-66bf-4b68-abe4-3176bb93a589<\/a><\/p>\n

[6] https:\/\/enveurope.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12302-021-00515-w<\/a><\/p>\n

[7] https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22513303\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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